三招輕松搞定退休大計(jì)
|
更聰明地投資 ????當(dāng)我們都以為會(huì)得到11%的長期年回報(bào)率時(shí)，沒人太在乎服務(wù)費(fèi)和費(fèi)用?，F(xiàn)在不行了。需要對(duì)“幫手”挑挑揀揀了，“幫手”是巴菲特諷刺那些從我們的投資回報(bào)中收取費(fèi)用的中介的說法。就像他和先鋒基金（Vanguard）創(chuàng)始人約翰?博格爾一直鼓吹的：在幾十年的投資期限下，千分之一都很重要。某些幫手，比如只收服務(wù)費(fèi)的最佳咨詢師，確實(shí)物有所值。但在今天的環(huán)境下，投資者必須明了，他們實(shí)際付費(fèi)多少？能夠得到什么服務(wù)？ ????聰明的投資也意味著靈活地利用我們的自然偏見為自己服務(wù)。行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們?cè)诖竽X中將花費(fèi)劃分到不同的類別中：比方說，一個(gè)用來外出吃飯，一個(gè)用來旅游，另一個(gè)用在汽車上。這個(gè)傾向并不總是理性的，但卡內(nèi)基梅?。–arnegie Mellon）大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家喬治?列文斯坦提出，退休人員可以利用它來設(shè)立分離的賬號(hào)，比如“付房租”和“寵孫子”。房租賬號(hào)需要保守投資，而孫子賬號(hào)可以激進(jìn)投資，追求增長。 更聰明地生活 ????許多人在退休后的生活恐怕沒有期望的那般愜意了，甚至退休前就已經(jīng)如此，這是殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)。我們不能為此煩惱，必須正視骨感的現(xiàn)實(shí)。我們生活的時(shí)代有大量的人口因?yàn)閾碛刑喽皇翘俣豢鞓?，這是前所未有的。這就是當(dāng)下書籍和學(xué)術(shù)研究的主題“富貴病”。 ????到底為什么要退休呢？顯然不是為了最大化收入。是為了快樂。數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人發(fā)現(xiàn)擁有更少讓他們更快樂。少用多存的主意有點(diǎn)像壽司：最開始需要有個(gè)人促使你去嘗試，然后你會(huì)意外地發(fā)現(xiàn)，自己居然愛上了它。而這也正是迎風(fēng)揚(yáng)帆所暗藏的快樂。隨著條件的改變，到達(dá)同樣的目標(biāo)需要新的航路。如果有正確的戰(zhàn)略，我們依然可以快樂地退休。甚至比我們自己預(yù)期的更快樂。 |
Invest smarter ????Back when we all thought we'd get 11% long-term annual returns, we could maybe afford to ignore fees and expenses. No more. It's time to get tough on the "helpers," Buffett's sarcastic term for the intermediaries who take bits and pieces of our investment returns. As he and Vanguard founder John Bogle constantly preach: Over decades, tenths of a point matter. Some helpers, such as the best fee-only advisers, are emphatically worth their cost. But in today's environment, investors must know exactly how much they're paying and for what. ????Investing smarter may also mean cleverly using your natural biases in your favor. Behavioral economists have found that we think of our spending in buckets -- one for dining out, say, another for travel, another for car expenses. The tendency isn't always rational, but Carnegie Mellon economist George Loewenstein has proposed that retirees harness it by setting up separate "pay the rent" and "spoil the grandkids" accounts. The rent account could be invested conservatively; the grandkids account could be invested aggressively for growth. Live smarter ????It's a hard reality that many people will be living a bit less large than they had hoped in retirement, and maybe before. Don't fight that thought. Embrace it. We're living through the first era in history when significant numbers of people are being made unhappy by having too much rather than too little. The term is "affluenza," now the subject of books and academic research. ????Why are you planning to retire at all? It isn't to maximize income. It's to be happy. Millions of people are finding that having less makes them happier. Spending less and saving more is kind of like sushi: You have to be made to try it, but then you may find you love it. That's also the potential exhilaration of sailing into the wind. As conditions change, reaching our goals demands a new course. With the right strategy you can still find your way to a great retirement. It could even be a happier one than you'd expected. |
最新文章