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日行萬步才健康?其實不用走這么多

Nick Lichtenberg
2025-07-31

日行萬步的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只是20世紀(jì)60年代一場吸引公眾眼球的營銷活動。

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眾所周知,運(yùn)動很重要。圖片來源:Getty Images

你是個“計步控”嗎?你是否每天多次查看手機(jī)、手表或其他活動追蹤器,檢查自己是否已達(dá)到一萬步的目標(biāo)?如果你的步數(shù)從未超過7,000步,是否會有負(fù)罪感?如果日行萬步的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只是20世紀(jì)60年代一場吸引公眾眼球的營銷活動,而最新科學(xué)表明7,000步才是真正具有健康效益的門檻呢?事實正是如此。

最新發(fā)表在《柳葉刀·公共衛(wèi)生》(The Lancet Public Health)期刊上的大規(guī)模分析研究,對傳說中的日行萬步目標(biāo)提出了質(zhì)疑。該研究匯集了全球57項研究、超過16萬名成年人的數(shù)據(jù)。研究人員得出結(jié)論:日行7,000步實際上與顯著延長壽命、預(yù)防多種疾病密切相關(guān),而且多走3,000步并不會帶來明顯差異。

日行萬步何以被奉為“黃金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”

多年來,“日行萬步”被奉為日常健身的黃金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。但這一基準(zhǔn)的起源并非醫(yī)學(xué)研究,而是市場營銷。1964年東京奧運(yùn)會前夕,一款名為“萬步計”的日本計步器在全球掀起了一股健身熱潮。這個朗朗上口的整數(shù)從此深入人心,成為數(shù)百萬可穿戴設(shè)備用戶的默認(rèn)目標(biāo)。

日行萬步基準(zhǔn)似乎只是你深信不疑的眾多觀念之一。YouTube熱門博主和健身網(wǎng)紅發(fā)起“萬步挑戰(zhàn)”,鼓勵粉絲達(dá)到或超越每日目標(biāo),常常會安排“跟我一起走”的鍛煉直播。數(shù)字應(yīng)用賦予“日行萬步”官方地位,這個數(shù)字如今已成為Fitbit等設(shè)備的默認(rèn)設(shè)置。企業(yè)健康計劃、社交媒體挑戰(zhàn)賽和公共衛(wèi)生宣傳活動也普遍將萬步目標(biāo)用作激勵目標(biāo)和成就徽章。

顛覆性研究發(fā)現(xiàn)

這項新研究給“日行萬步是科學(xué)最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的觀點(diǎn)潑了冷水。與最不活躍人群(2,000步)相比,每日完成7,000步的人群呈現(xiàn)出以下變化:

? 過早死亡風(fēng)險降低47%

? 心血管疾病發(fā)病幾率降低25%

? 癡呆癥風(fēng)險降低38%

? 癌癥風(fēng)險降低6%

? 抑郁癥狀發(fā)生率降低22%

? 跌倒風(fēng)險降低28%

? 罹患2型糖尿病風(fēng)險降低14%

更重要的是,這些巨大的健康效益在7,000步時已接近平臺期;每日堅持走滿一萬步,額外帶來的降低大多數(shù)疾病風(fēng)險的效果微乎其微。對于某些疾病(如心臟?。┒?,超過7,000步后健康效益略有提升,但對許多其他疾病而言,增長曲線已趨于平緩。

這項研究的摘要指出:“盡管對于那些比較活躍的人群而言,日行萬步仍是可行目標(biāo),但日行7,000步即與具有臨床意義的健康改善相關(guān),對部分人而言可能是更現(xiàn)實且可達(dá)成的目標(biāo)?!弊髡哐a(bǔ)充道,需結(jié)合其局限性解讀研究結(jié)果,例如多數(shù)健康結(jié)果可參考的研究數(shù)量有限、缺乏針對特定年齡段的分析,以及單項研究層面可能存在偏差等。

“越多越好”,但要有度

尤其對久坐人群而言,多走路依然有益健康。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)步數(shù)從極低水平(約2,000步)提升至每天7,000步時,健康獲益增幅最大。對普通成年人群而言,7,000步(約三英里)即可獲得大部分健康效益。60歲以上人群的效益平臺期稍早出現(xiàn),約在6,000至8,000步之間;而較年輕人群的平臺期可能更接近8,000至10,000步。

研究人員還揭示,步行速度遠(yuǎn)不如步數(shù)重要:只要完成步數(shù),無論速度快慢,都能獲得保護(hù)性益處。

重新思考健身理念

這項研究可能促使公共衛(wèi)生宣傳方式進(jìn)行革新——長期以來,宣傳往往推崇鼓舞人心但略顯武斷的目標(biāo)。健身專業(yè)人士和可穿戴設(shè)備制造商如今有了新證據(jù),可以向客戶和消費(fèi)者說明:每日7,000步的目標(biāo)既切實可行,又能提供強(qiáng)大的健康保護(hù)作用。不過話說回來,“萬步”這個數(shù)字確實朗朗上口。

關(guān)于本文,《財富》雜志使用了生成式AI輔助完成初稿。編輯在發(fā)布前已核實信息的準(zhǔn)確性。 (財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

你是個“計步控”嗎?你是否每天多次查看手機(jī)、手表或其他活動追蹤器,檢查自己是否已達(dá)到一萬步的目標(biāo)?如果你的步數(shù)從未超過7,000步,是否會有負(fù)罪感?如果日行萬步的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只是20世紀(jì)60年代一場吸引公眾眼球的營銷活動,而最新科學(xué)表明7,000步才是真正具有健康效益的門檻呢?事實正是如此。

最新發(fā)表在《柳葉刀·公共衛(wèi)生》(The Lancet Public Health)期刊上的大規(guī)模分析研究,對傳說中的日行萬步目標(biāo)提出了質(zhì)疑。該研究匯集了全球57項研究、超過16萬名成年人的數(shù)據(jù)。研究人員得出結(jié)論:日行7,000步實際上與顯著延長壽命、預(yù)防多種疾病密切相關(guān),而且多走3,000步并不會帶來明顯差異。

日行萬步何以被奉為“黃金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”

多年來,“日行萬步”被奉為日常健身的黃金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。但這一基準(zhǔn)的起源并非醫(yī)學(xué)研究,而是市場營銷。1964年東京奧運(yùn)會前夕,一款名為“萬步計”的日本計步器在全球掀起了一股健身熱潮。這個朗朗上口的整數(shù)從此深入人心,成為數(shù)百萬可穿戴設(shè)備用戶的默認(rèn)目標(biāo)。

日行萬步基準(zhǔn)似乎只是你深信不疑的眾多觀念之一。YouTube熱門博主和健身網(wǎng)紅發(fā)起“萬步挑戰(zhàn)”,鼓勵粉絲達(dá)到或超越每日目標(biāo),常常會安排“跟我一起走”的鍛煉直播。數(shù)字應(yīng)用賦予“日行萬步”官方地位,這個數(shù)字如今已成為Fitbit等設(shè)備的默認(rèn)設(shè)置。企業(yè)健康計劃、社交媒體挑戰(zhàn)賽和公共衛(wèi)生宣傳活動也普遍將萬步目標(biāo)用作激勵目標(biāo)和成就徽章。

顛覆性研究發(fā)現(xiàn)

這項新研究給“日行萬步是科學(xué)最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的觀點(diǎn)潑了冷水。與最不活躍人群(2,000步)相比,每日完成7,000步的人群呈現(xiàn)出以下變化:

? 過早死亡風(fēng)險降低47%

? 心血管疾病發(fā)病幾率降低25%

? 癡呆癥風(fēng)險降低38%

? 癌癥風(fēng)險降低6%

? 抑郁癥狀發(fā)生率降低22%

? 跌倒風(fēng)險降低28%

? 罹患2型糖尿病風(fēng)險降低14%

更重要的是,這些巨大的健康效益在7,000步時已接近平臺期;每日堅持走滿一萬步,額外帶來的降低大多數(shù)疾病風(fēng)險的效果微乎其微。對于某些疾?。ㄈ缧呐K?。┒?,超過7,000步后健康效益略有提升,但對許多其他疾病而言,增長曲線已趨于平緩。

這項研究的摘要指出:“盡管對于那些比較活躍的人群而言,日行萬步仍是可行目標(biāo),但日行7,000步即與具有臨床意義的健康改善相關(guān),對部分人而言可能是更現(xiàn)實且可達(dá)成的目標(biāo)?!弊髡哐a(bǔ)充道,需結(jié)合其局限性解讀研究結(jié)果,例如多數(shù)健康結(jié)果可參考的研究數(shù)量有限、缺乏針對特定年齡段的分析,以及單項研究層面可能存在偏差等。

“越多越好”,但要有度

尤其對久坐人群而言,多走路依然有益健康。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)步數(shù)從極低水平(約2,000步)提升至每天7,000步時,健康獲益增幅最大。對普通成年人群而言,7,000步(約三英里)即可獲得大部分健康效益。60歲以上人群的效益平臺期稍早出現(xiàn),約在6,000至8,000步之間;而較年輕人群的平臺期可能更接近8,000至10,000步。

研究人員還揭示,步行速度遠(yuǎn)不如步數(shù)重要:只要完成步數(shù),無論速度快慢,都能獲得保護(hù)性益處。

重新思考健身理念

這項研究可能促使公共衛(wèi)生宣傳方式進(jìn)行革新——長期以來,宣傳往往推崇鼓舞人心但略顯武斷的目標(biāo)。健身專業(yè)人士和可穿戴設(shè)備制造商如今有了新證據(jù),可以向客戶和消費(fèi)者說明:每日7,000步的目標(biāo)既切實可行,又能提供強(qiáng)大的健康保護(hù)作用。不過話說回來,“萬步”這個數(shù)字確實朗朗上口。

關(guān)于本文,《財富》雜志使用了生成式AI輔助完成初稿。編輯在發(fā)布前已核實信息的準(zhǔn)確性。 (財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

Are you a step-checker? Do you look at your phone, watch, or other activity tracker a few times a day, to see if you’ve hit the 10,000 steps mark yet? Do you feel guilty if your step count doesn’t ever get over, say, 7,000? What if the 10,000-steps-per-day mark was just a publicity campaign from the 1960s that caught the public’s attention, and recent science indicates that 7,000 is the true mark that carries a health benefit with it? That is exactly the scenario that’s playing out.

The latest large-scale analysis, published in The Lancet Public Health and drawing from over 160,000 adults across 57 studies worldwide, challenges the fabled 10,000-step mark. Researchers not only concluded that walking 7,000 steps per day was in fact linked to dramatic improvements in longevity and protection against a wide array of diseases, but that going the extra 3,000 steps didn’t make that much of a difference after all.

Why 10,000 steps became ‘the goal’

For years, “10,000 steps” has been consecrated as the gold standard of daily fitness. But the origin of that benchmark wasn’t medical—it was marketing. Ahead of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, a Japanese pedometer called the “manpo-kei,” which translates to “10,000-step meter,” launched a global fitness trend. That catchy round number stuck, becoming the default goal for millions using wearable trackers.

The 10,000 steps benchmark just seems to be one of those things that lodges in your head. Popular YouTubers and fitness influencers run “10,000 step challenges” encouraging followers to meet or exceed the daily target, often featuring “walk with me” workout sessions. It’s been granted official status by digital apps, with the number “10,000” now a default setting on devices such as Fitbit. Corporate wellness programs, social media challenges, and public health campaigns also routinely use the 10,000-step mark as a motivational goal and badge of accomplishment.

The bombshell findings

The new research poured cold water on the idea of 10,000 as a scientific minimum. Compared to the least active group (2,000 steps), those who managed 7,000 steps per day saw:

? 47% decreased risk of premature death

? 25% lower chance of cardiovascular disease

? 38% reduced risk of dementia

? 6% lower cancer risk

? 22% lower incidence of depressive symptoms

? 28% reduction in falls

? 14% lower risk of developing Type 2 diabetes

What’s more, these massive benefits approached a plateau with 7,000 steps; walking all the way to 10,000 steps per day generated only small additional reductions in risk for most conditions. For some diseases—like heart disease—benefits increased slightly beyond 7,000, but for many others, the curve flattened.

“Although 10,000 steps per day can still be a viable target for those who are more active,” according to the abstract, “7,000 steps per day is associated with clinically meaningful improvements in health outcomes and might be a more realistic and achievable target for some.” The authors add that the findings should be interpreted in light of limitations, such as the small number of studies available for most outcomes, a lack of age-specific analysis and potential biases at the individual study level.

‘More is better’—but only up to a point

Walking more remains beneficial, particularly for those who are mostly sedentary. The study found the greatest jump in health benefits when moving from very low step counts (~2,000) up to 7,000 daily. For the general adult population, 7,000 steps—about three miles—delivers the bulk of the effect. For adults over 60, benefits plateau a bit earlier, around 6,000–8,000 steps, while younger adults may see the curve level off closer to 8,000–10,000.

The researchers also revealed that the pace of walking was far less important: just getting in the steps, regardless of speed, provided the protective benefits.

Rethinking the fitness message

This research could prompt a shake-up in public health messaging, which has long promoted aspirational but somewhat arbitrary targets. Fitness professionals and wearable device makers now have fresh evidence to advise clients and consumers that a daily goal of 7,000 is both realistic and powerfully protective. Then again, 10,000 steps is catchy.

For this story, Fortune used generative AI to help with an initial draft. An editor verified the accuracy of the information before publishing.

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