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馬斯克的豪賭危險(xiǎn)了:特斯拉無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)服務(wù)難以推廣

一輛車(chē)險(xiǎn)些迎面撞上火車(chē)的致命事故表明,為了防止撞車(chē),特斯拉的無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)服務(wù)仍離不開(kāi)安全員。

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圖片來(lái)源:Allison Robbert—AFP via Getty Images

? 近一個(gè)月前,特斯拉(Tesla)CEO埃隆·馬斯克在奧斯汀高調(diào)推出了無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)服務(wù)。但“全自動(dòng)駕駛(FSD)社區(qū)追蹤器”(FSD Community Tracker)的主持人埃利亞斯·馬丁內(nèi)斯指出,此后發(fā)生的一切恰恰解釋了該服務(wù)為何未能擴(kuò)大規(guī)模。一起險(xiǎn)些發(fā)生的事故證明,該服務(wù)的安全性遠(yuǎn)未達(dá)到無(wú)需人類(lèi)安全員的地步。

就在埃隆·馬斯克將其在奧斯汀推出僅三周的自動(dòng)駕駛出租車(chē)服務(wù)擴(kuò)展運(yùn)行范圍的當(dāng)天,喬·泰格邁爾乘坐的特斯拉試圖在火車(chē)駛近時(shí)非法穿越鐵路道口。

他周一在X平臺(tái)上發(fā)文稱:“這輛無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)沒(méi)有識(shí)別到(火車(chē)),安全員不得不停車(chē)等待火車(chē)通過(guò)??梢?jiàn)軟件方面仍有些小問(wèn)題需要改進(jìn),但除此之外,能見(jiàn)證擴(kuò)展服務(wù)的運(yùn)行情況有多好,這真是個(gè)絕佳的機(jī)會(huì)?!?/p>

對(duì)于這次差點(diǎn)喪命的事故,泰格邁爾似乎能泰然處之,隨后他主張?zhí)厮估瓚?yīng)增加上路車(chē)輛的數(shù)量,以縮短等待時(shí)間。目前道路上僅投放了約10輛車(chē),等待時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)20分鐘。

這一切對(duì)埃利亞斯·馬丁內(nèi)斯來(lái)說(shuō)并不意外。作為最早參與全自動(dòng)駕駛Beta測(cè)試的人員之一,他表示特斯拉的軟件在過(guò)去四年里“取得了長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)步”。但他認(rèn)為,所有現(xiàn)有證據(jù)都表明,該技術(shù)還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法支撐馬斯克5月份提出的遠(yuǎn)大目標(biāo),即理論上首日即可支持1萬(wàn)輛汽車(chē)的規(guī)模。

他對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“這些問(wèn)題證明,特斯拉甚至本不該僅憑10輛車(chē)就啟動(dòng)服務(wù)。沒(méi)錯(cuò),它大部分時(shí)間都運(yùn)行正常,但令我感到荒唐的是,我們?nèi)詴?huì)看到諸如FSD出租車(chē)闖紅燈或在錯(cuò)誤車(chē)道行駛等問(wèn)題。這種情況不該如此頻繁地發(fā)生?!?/p>

問(wèn)題在于,每增加一輛車(chē),發(fā)生碰撞的統(tǒng)計(jì)概率就越大。馬丁內(nèi)斯認(rèn)為,任何無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)服務(wù)(包括Waymo在內(nèi))都需要做到近乎完美,才能安全地?cái)U(kuò)大規(guī)模,然而對(duì)于特斯拉而言,目前還看不到這種跡象。

對(duì)銷(xiāo)量下滑的分心之舉

前美國(guó)海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)員馬丁內(nèi)斯主持的眾包項(xiàng)目“FSD社區(qū)追蹤器”,是目前公開(kāi)可用的、針對(duì)特斯拉自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)最復(fù)雜且最可靠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)收集與分析平臺(tái)。大眾汽車(chē)自動(dòng)駕駛出行(Volkswagen Autonomous Mobility)部門(mén)CEO克里斯蒂安·森格爾等汽車(chē)業(yè)高管高度評(píng)價(jià)其為行業(yè)標(biāo)桿,甚至連馬斯克也將其單獨(dú)列出作為公司正在取得進(jìn)展的證據(jù)。馬斯克擁有內(nèi)部脫管數(shù)據(jù),但拒絕對(duì)外分享。

這款追蹤器簡(jiǎn)單易用,其開(kāi)發(fā)得到了一位加拿大特斯拉車(chē)主的協(xié)助:在行程中,像馬丁內(nèi)斯這樣的FSD Beta測(cè)試員會(huì)實(shí)時(shí)將出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題直接記錄到車(chē)載娛樂(lè)信息系統(tǒng)中,數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)于此直至可上傳至互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。它通過(guò)每周表彰貢獻(xiàn)最大的用戶,激勵(lì)駕駛員參與,使其變成了一種友好的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

目前,其數(shù)據(jù)顯示,即使是特斯拉最新的FSD版本(5月推出的13.2.9版,就在奧斯汀服務(wù)啟動(dòng)前幾周),目前在城市和高速公路上平均每行駛約340英里(約合547公里)就會(huì)發(fā)生一次嚴(yán)重脫管。馬丁內(nèi)斯補(bǔ)充道:“你有時(shí)會(huì)聽(tīng)到埃隆說(shuō),‘我們很難發(fā)現(xiàn)脫管的情況。’這簡(jiǎn)直是胡說(shuō)八道。”

盡管據(jù)信奧斯汀的無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)車(chē)隊(duì)使用的是更新版本,但馬丁內(nèi)斯估計(jì)其表現(xiàn)與向公眾發(fā)布的版本相差無(wú)幾,因?yàn)樗鼈儽┞冻鱿嗨频娜毕?,例如在錯(cuò)誤的車(chē)道上行駛等。

他認(rèn)為,特斯拉更專(zhuān)注于不惜一切代價(jià)實(shí)現(xiàn)馬斯克設(shè)定的6月上線時(shí)間表,而非完善實(shí)際的核心技術(shù)。由于今年上半年特斯拉電動(dòng)汽車(chē)需求銳減,且Cybertruck已被證明在商業(yè)上一敗涂地,馬斯克需要一些東西來(lái)讓投資者滿意。

他表示:“這感覺(jué)像是對(duì)銷(xiāo)量下滑的分心之舉?!彼a(bǔ)充道:“埃隆在豪賭。”

與此同時(shí),特斯拉車(chē)主收到的最后一次重大更新是在七個(gè)月前向公眾發(fā)布的13.2.1版本。

該公司未回應(yīng)與本文或FSD自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)其他相關(guān)事項(xiàng)有關(guān)的置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。

馬斯克將未來(lái)押注于顛覆性技術(shù)之上

當(dāng)特斯拉在周三美股收盤(pán)后舉行第二季度財(cái)報(bào)電話會(huì)議時(shí),馬斯克將面臨圍繞其無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)試點(diǎn)路線圖的一連串質(zhì)詢。截至發(fā)稿時(shí),最受關(guān)注的問(wèn)題是迄今為止該項(xiàng)服務(wù)在奧斯汀的表現(xiàn)情況,以及該服務(wù)能在多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)拓展到其他城市和更多車(chē)輛。

投資者在FSD技術(shù)上押下了重注,他們想知道奧斯汀的10輛車(chē)需要多久才能擴(kuò)展到覆蓋全國(guó)的數(shù)千輛。只有這樣,他們才能大致判斷特斯拉需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能超越Waymo——特拉斯目前的完全無(wú)人駕駛里程數(shù)還為零,而其勁敵剛剛創(chuàng)下的1億英里里程紀(jì)錄。

這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可能成為顛覆性力量,尤其對(duì)于殘障人士等邊緣化群體而言。千禧一代杰西·沃林斯基是法律意義上的失明者,她在視頻博客中記錄了自己視力逐漸喪失的經(jīng)歷。她告訴加州監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu),她很感激能成為Waymo“可信乘客計(jì)劃”的一員。

她在2023年8月的一次聽(tīng)證會(huì)上表示:“它給了我一種前所未有的安全感?!奔又莶痪煤笸镀迸鷾?zhǔn)了這項(xiàng)技術(shù)?!俺俗鳺aymo的車(chē)輛,不僅讓我能按自己的意愿到達(dá)目的地,這意義重大,而且整個(gè)過(guò)程無(wú)需擔(dān)心遭到騷擾、猥褻、攻擊甚至更糟的情況。”

馬斯克已將公司的命運(yùn)押注于無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)服務(wù)上,該服務(wù)現(xiàn)在必須產(chǎn)生利潤(rùn),用以資助其目前正在開(kāi)發(fā)的Optimus人形機(jī)器人項(xiàng)目。

若求信任,必先完全透明

但自動(dòng)駕駛本質(zhì)上是一項(xiàng)與統(tǒng)計(jì)概率息息相關(guān)的技術(shù)。在首次事故發(fā)生前,有多少輛車(chē)在同時(shí)運(yùn)行?它們累計(jì)行駛了多少英里?是幾千英里?幾百萬(wàn)英里?還是更多?

對(duì)某些人而言,坐飛機(jī)看似充滿危險(xiǎn),但實(shí)際上坐飛機(jī)是最安全的公共交通方式,因?yàn)?9.9999%的航班都能安全降落。如今,盡管無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)面臨的變量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)在相對(duì)空曠的天空飛行的飛機(jī),特斯拉和Waymo等公司需要證明該技術(shù)能達(dá)到類(lèi)似的可靠性水平。

這需要廣泛而詳細(xì)的數(shù)據(jù)——這正是馬丁內(nèi)斯在特斯拉社區(qū)幫助下收集的那類(lèi)數(shù)據(jù)。然而,如果你向特斯拉尋求答案,你將一無(wú)所獲。事實(shí)上,它的做法恰恰相反。特斯拉非但沒(méi)有試圖通過(guò)透明化來(lái)贏得公眾信任,反而正在向聯(lián)邦監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)施壓,要求封存其無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)的安全記錄,聲稱出于商業(yè)原因這些數(shù)據(jù)必須保密。

馬丁內(nèi)斯表示:“這不該是專(zhuān)屬商業(yè)機(jī)密。既然車(chē)輛在公共道路上行駛,數(shù)據(jù)就需要公開(kāi)。他們隱瞞數(shù)據(jù)的事實(shí)本身就說(shuō)明了一切。若真想贏得信任,就必須做到完全透明?!?/p>

相反,馬斯克僅公布其FSD Beta計(jì)劃(現(xiàn)稱“FSD監(jiān)督版”)的季度碰撞統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù):今年前三個(gè)月,特斯拉車(chē)輛在發(fā)生事故前平均行駛了744萬(wàn)英里。雖然相比美國(guó)普通駕駛員平均70萬(wàn)英里的安全行駛里程,這個(gè)成績(jī)相當(dāng)出色,但這些并非無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)的里程。他們?cè)谂鲎舶l(fā)生前需要由駕駛員進(jìn)行干預(yù)。

馬丁內(nèi)斯認(rèn)為,即使是這些數(shù)據(jù),在被采信前也應(yīng)先由監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)獨(dú)立審核:“如果交給公司自己處理,他們就會(huì)過(guò)濾數(shù)據(jù)以符合自身的敘事立場(chǎng)?!?/p>

尚不具備安全擴(kuò)展的條件

與此同時(shí),特斯拉的回應(yīng)似乎是對(duì)此一笑置之。周一,馬斯克認(rèn)為將在奧斯汀運(yùn)行僅三周的無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)服務(wù)擴(kuò)大覆蓋范圍,從地圖上看形似巨型生殖器,這會(huì)很有趣。

這家市值萬(wàn)億美元的公司寫(xiě)道:“更硬、更好、更快、更強(qiáng)”。這個(gè)一語(yǔ)雙關(guān)的口號(hào),指以表演機(jī)器人著稱的雙人樂(lè)團(tuán)蠢朋克(Daft Punk)的同名合成器流行樂(lè)曲。馬斯克不僅轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)了這個(gè)生殖器形狀的服務(wù)區(qū)域圖以表贊同,還宣布將車(chē)費(fèi)從之前的每次行程4.20美元上調(diào)至6.90美元。54歲的馬斯克經(jīng)常用這兩個(gè)數(shù)字以達(dá)到滑稽效果。

簡(jiǎn)而言之,此次地理擴(kuò)張更像是一場(chǎng)公關(guān)噱頭,而非實(shí)質(zhì)進(jìn)展。運(yùn)營(yíng)收費(fèi)的車(chē)輛數(shù)量似乎并未改變;特斯拉仍在限制可使用該服務(wù)的人數(shù);車(chē)內(nèi)也依然配備人類(lèi)安全員。

在預(yù)測(cè)網(wǎng)站Polymarket上,投機(jī)者認(rèn)為特斯拉能在今年剩余時(shí)間內(nèi)于美國(guó)任何地點(diǎn)提供功能完備的無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)服務(wù)的概率僅為42%,較一個(gè)月前86%的高點(diǎn)大幅下降。

馬丁內(nèi)斯表示:“這表明他們尚不具備服務(wù)擴(kuò)展的條件,如果貿(mào)然強(qiáng)行擴(kuò)展,他們將會(huì)遇到問(wèn)題。那樣就是在置乘客于險(xiǎn)境。與酒駕司機(jī)相比,它的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或許確實(shí)更低,但仍然是一種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

? 近一個(gè)月前,特斯拉(Tesla)CEO埃隆·馬斯克在奧斯汀高調(diào)推出了無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)服務(wù)。但“全自動(dòng)駕駛(FSD)社區(qū)追蹤器”(FSD Community Tracker)的主持人埃利亞斯·馬丁內(nèi)斯指出,此后發(fā)生的一切恰恰解釋了該服務(wù)為何未能擴(kuò)大規(guī)模。一起險(xiǎn)些發(fā)生的事故證明,該服務(wù)的安全性遠(yuǎn)未達(dá)到無(wú)需人類(lèi)安全員的地步。

就在埃隆·馬斯克將其在奧斯汀推出僅三周的自動(dòng)駕駛出租車(chē)服務(wù)擴(kuò)展運(yùn)行范圍的當(dāng)天,喬·泰格邁爾乘坐的特斯拉試圖在火車(chē)駛近時(shí)非法穿越鐵路道口。

他周一在X平臺(tái)上發(fā)文稱:“這輛無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)沒(méi)有識(shí)別到(火車(chē)),安全員不得不停車(chē)等待火車(chē)通過(guò)??梢?jiàn)軟件方面仍有些小問(wèn)題需要改進(jìn),但除此之外,能見(jiàn)證擴(kuò)展服務(wù)的運(yùn)行情況有多好,這真是個(gè)絕佳的機(jī)會(huì)?!?/p>

對(duì)于這次差點(diǎn)喪命的事故,泰格邁爾似乎能泰然處之,隨后他主張?zhí)厮估瓚?yīng)增加上路車(chē)輛的數(shù)量,以縮短等待時(shí)間。目前道路上僅投放了約10輛車(chē),等待時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)20分鐘。

這一切對(duì)埃利亞斯·馬丁內(nèi)斯來(lái)說(shuō)并不意外。作為最早參與全自動(dòng)駕駛Beta測(cè)試的人員之一,他表示特斯拉的軟件在過(guò)去四年里“取得了長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)步”。但他認(rèn)為,所有現(xiàn)有證據(jù)都表明,該技術(shù)還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法支撐馬斯克5月份提出的遠(yuǎn)大目標(biāo),即理論上首日即可支持1萬(wàn)輛汽車(chē)的規(guī)模。

他對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“這些問(wèn)題證明,特斯拉甚至本不該僅憑10輛車(chē)就啟動(dòng)服務(wù)。沒(méi)錯(cuò),它大部分時(shí)間都運(yùn)行正常,但令我感到荒唐的是,我們?nèi)詴?huì)看到諸如FSD出租車(chē)闖紅燈或在錯(cuò)誤車(chē)道行駛等問(wèn)題。這種情況不該如此頻繁地發(fā)生?!?/p>

問(wèn)題在于,每增加一輛車(chē),發(fā)生碰撞的統(tǒng)計(jì)概率就越大。馬丁內(nèi)斯認(rèn)為,任何無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)服務(wù)(包括Waymo在內(nèi))都需要做到近乎完美,才能安全地?cái)U(kuò)大規(guī)模,然而對(duì)于特斯拉而言,目前還看不到這種跡象。

對(duì)銷(xiāo)量下滑的分心之舉

前美國(guó)海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)員馬丁內(nèi)斯主持的眾包項(xiàng)目“FSD社區(qū)追蹤器”,是目前公開(kāi)可用的、針對(duì)特斯拉自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)最復(fù)雜且最可靠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)收集與分析平臺(tái)。大眾汽車(chē)自動(dòng)駕駛出行(Volkswagen Autonomous Mobility)部門(mén)CEO克里斯蒂安·森格爾等汽車(chē)業(yè)高管高度評(píng)價(jià)其為行業(yè)標(biāo)桿,甚至連馬斯克也將其單獨(dú)列出作為公司正在取得進(jìn)展的證據(jù)。馬斯克擁有內(nèi)部脫管數(shù)據(jù),但拒絕對(duì)外分享。

這款追蹤器簡(jiǎn)單易用,其開(kāi)發(fā)得到了一位加拿大特斯拉車(chē)主的協(xié)助:在行程中,像馬丁內(nèi)斯這樣的FSD Beta測(cè)試員會(huì)實(shí)時(shí)將出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題直接記錄到車(chē)載娛樂(lè)信息系統(tǒng)中,數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)于此直至可上傳至互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。它通過(guò)每周表彰貢獻(xiàn)最大的用戶,激勵(lì)駕駛員參與,使其變成了一種友好的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

目前,其數(shù)據(jù)顯示,即使是特斯拉最新的FSD版本(5月推出的13.2.9版,就在奧斯汀服務(wù)啟動(dòng)前幾周),目前在城市和高速公路上平均每行駛約340英里(約合547公里)就會(huì)發(fā)生一次嚴(yán)重脫管。馬丁內(nèi)斯補(bǔ)充道:“你有時(shí)會(huì)聽(tīng)到埃隆說(shuō),‘我們很難發(fā)現(xiàn)脫管的情況。’這簡(jiǎn)直是胡說(shuō)八道?!?/p>

盡管據(jù)信奧斯汀的無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)車(chē)隊(duì)使用的是更新版本,但馬丁內(nèi)斯估計(jì)其表現(xiàn)與向公眾發(fā)布的版本相差無(wú)幾,因?yàn)樗鼈儽┞冻鱿嗨频娜毕?,例如在錯(cuò)誤的車(chē)道上行駛等。

他認(rèn)為,特斯拉更專(zhuān)注于不惜一切代價(jià)實(shí)現(xiàn)馬斯克設(shè)定的6月上線時(shí)間表,而非完善實(shí)際的核心技術(shù)。由于今年上半年特斯拉電動(dòng)汽車(chē)需求銳減,且Cybertruck已被證明在商業(yè)上一敗涂地,馬斯克需要一些東西來(lái)讓投資者滿意。

他表示:“這感覺(jué)像是對(duì)銷(xiāo)量下滑的分心之舉?!彼a(bǔ)充道:“埃隆在豪賭?!?/p>

與此同時(shí),特斯拉車(chē)主收到的最后一次重大更新是在七個(gè)月前向公眾發(fā)布的13.2.1版本。

該公司未回應(yīng)與本文或FSD自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)其他相關(guān)事項(xiàng)有關(guān)的置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。

馬斯克將未來(lái)押注于顛覆性技術(shù)之上

當(dāng)特斯拉在周三美股收盤(pán)后舉行第二季度財(cái)報(bào)電話會(huì)議時(shí),馬斯克將面臨圍繞其無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)試點(diǎn)路線圖的一連串質(zhì)詢。截至發(fā)稿時(shí),最受關(guān)注的問(wèn)題是迄今為止該項(xiàng)服務(wù)在奧斯汀的表現(xiàn)情況,以及該服務(wù)能在多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)拓展到其他城市和更多車(chē)輛。

投資者在FSD技術(shù)上押下了重注,他們想知道奧斯汀的10輛車(chē)需要多久才能擴(kuò)展到覆蓋全國(guó)的數(shù)千輛。只有這樣,他們才能大致判斷特斯拉需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能超越Waymo——特拉斯目前的完全無(wú)人駕駛里程數(shù)還為零,而其勁敵剛剛創(chuàng)下的1億英里里程紀(jì)錄。

這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可能成為顛覆性力量,尤其對(duì)于殘障人士等邊緣化群體而言。千禧一代杰西·沃林斯基是法律意義上的失明者,她在視頻博客中記錄了自己視力逐漸喪失的經(jīng)歷。她告訴加州監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu),她很感激能成為Waymo“可信乘客計(jì)劃”的一員。

她在2023年8月的一次聽(tīng)證會(huì)上表示:“它給了我一種前所未有的安全感?!奔又莶痪煤笸镀迸鷾?zhǔn)了這項(xiàng)技術(shù)?!俺俗鳺aymo的車(chē)輛,不僅讓我能按自己的意愿到達(dá)目的地,這意義重大,而且整個(gè)過(guò)程無(wú)需擔(dān)心遭到騷擾、猥褻、攻擊甚至更糟的情況?!?/p>

馬斯克已將公司的命運(yùn)押注于無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)服務(wù)上,該服務(wù)現(xiàn)在必須產(chǎn)生利潤(rùn),用以資助其目前正在開(kāi)發(fā)的Optimus人形機(jī)器人項(xiàng)目。

若求信任,必先完全透明

但自動(dòng)駕駛本質(zhì)上是一項(xiàng)與統(tǒng)計(jì)概率息息相關(guān)的技術(shù)。在首次事故發(fā)生前,有多少輛車(chē)在同時(shí)運(yùn)行?它們累計(jì)行駛了多少英里?是幾千英里?幾百萬(wàn)英里?還是更多?

對(duì)某些人而言,坐飛機(jī)看似充滿危險(xiǎn),但實(shí)際上坐飛機(jī)是最安全的公共交通方式,因?yàn)?9.9999%的航班都能安全降落。如今,盡管無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)面臨的變量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)在相對(duì)空曠的天空飛行的飛機(jī),特斯拉和Waymo等公司需要證明該技術(shù)能達(dá)到類(lèi)似的可靠性水平。

這需要廣泛而詳細(xì)的數(shù)據(jù)——這正是馬丁內(nèi)斯在特斯拉社區(qū)幫助下收集的那類(lèi)數(shù)據(jù)。然而,如果你向特斯拉尋求答案,你將一無(wú)所獲。事實(shí)上,它的做法恰恰相反。特斯拉非但沒(méi)有試圖通過(guò)透明化來(lái)贏得公眾信任,反而正在向聯(lián)邦監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)施壓,要求封存其無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)的安全記錄,聲稱出于商業(yè)原因這些數(shù)據(jù)必須保密。

馬丁內(nèi)斯表示:“這不該是專(zhuān)屬商業(yè)機(jī)密。既然車(chē)輛在公共道路上行駛,數(shù)據(jù)就需要公開(kāi)。他們隱瞞數(shù)據(jù)的事實(shí)本身就說(shuō)明了一切。若真想贏得信任,就必須做到完全透明?!?/p>

相反,馬斯克僅公布其FSD Beta計(jì)劃(現(xiàn)稱“FSD監(jiān)督版”)的季度碰撞統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù):今年前三個(gè)月,特斯拉車(chē)輛在發(fā)生事故前平均行駛了744萬(wàn)英里。雖然相比美國(guó)普通駕駛員平均70萬(wàn)英里的安全行駛里程,這個(gè)成績(jī)相當(dāng)出色,但這些并非無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)的里程。他們?cè)谂鲎舶l(fā)生前需要由駕駛員進(jìn)行干預(yù)。

馬丁內(nèi)斯認(rèn)為,即使是這些數(shù)據(jù),在被采信前也應(yīng)先由監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)獨(dú)立審核:“如果交給公司自己處理,他們就會(huì)過(guò)濾數(shù)據(jù)以符合自身的敘事立場(chǎng)?!?/p>

尚不具備安全擴(kuò)展的條件

與此同時(shí),特斯拉的回應(yīng)似乎是對(duì)此一笑置之。周一,馬斯克認(rèn)為將在奧斯汀運(yùn)行僅三周的無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)服務(wù)擴(kuò)大覆蓋范圍,從地圖上看形似巨型生殖器,這會(huì)很有趣。

這家市值萬(wàn)億美元的公司寫(xiě)道:“更硬、更好、更快、更強(qiáng)”。這個(gè)一語(yǔ)雙關(guān)的口號(hào),指以表演機(jī)器人著稱的雙人樂(lè)團(tuán)蠢朋克(Daft Punk)的同名合成器流行樂(lè)曲。馬斯克不僅轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)了這個(gè)生殖器形狀的服務(wù)區(qū)域圖以表贊同,還宣布將車(chē)費(fèi)從之前的每次行程4.20美元上調(diào)至6.90美元。54歲的馬斯克經(jīng)常用這兩個(gè)數(shù)字以達(dá)到滑稽效果。

簡(jiǎn)而言之,此次地理擴(kuò)張更像是一場(chǎng)公關(guān)噱頭,而非實(shí)質(zhì)進(jìn)展。運(yùn)營(yíng)收費(fèi)的車(chē)輛數(shù)量似乎并未改變;特斯拉仍在限制可使用該服務(wù)的人數(shù);車(chē)內(nèi)也依然配備人類(lèi)安全員。

在預(yù)測(cè)網(wǎng)站Polymarket上,投機(jī)者認(rèn)為特斯拉能在今年剩余時(shí)間內(nèi)于美國(guó)任何地點(diǎn)提供功能完備的無(wú)人駕駛出租車(chē)服務(wù)的概率僅為42%,較一個(gè)月前86%的高點(diǎn)大幅下降。

馬丁內(nèi)斯表示:“這表明他們尚不具備服務(wù)擴(kuò)展的條件,如果貿(mào)然強(qiáng)行擴(kuò)展,他們將會(huì)遇到問(wèn)題。那樣就是在置乘客于險(xiǎn)境。與酒駕司機(jī)相比,它的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或許確實(shí)更低,但仍然是一種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

? Tesla CEO Elon Musk launched his Austin robotaxi service nearly a month ago to great fanfare. But FSD Community Tracker host Elias Martinez argues everything that has happened since explains why the service has not scaled—it remains nowhere near safe enough to remove human safety monitors, as proven by a near accident.

The very day Elon Musk expanded the boundaries of his three-week-old autonomous ride hailing service in Austin, Joe Tegtmeyer’s Tesla tried to illegally run a railroad crossing just as a locomotive approached.

“The robotaxi did not see that, and the safety observer had to stop the vehicle until the train had passed. So there’s a little bit of work that still needs to be polished up with the software, but otherwise it’s been just an amazing opportunity to see how well the expanded service is working,” he said on Monday in a post on X.

Taking what might have been a life-threatening situation seemingly in stride, Tegtmeyer then argued in favor of Tesla adding more cars to the 10 or so currently on the roads to cut waiting times that had ballooned to 20 minutes.

None of this comes as a surprise to Elias Martinez. One of the earliest Full Self-Driving beta testers, he says Tesla’s software has “come a long way” over the past four years. But he argues all available evidence points to the technology being nowhere near robust enough to support the 10,000 cars Musk claimed in May were possible in theory on day one.

“These issues prove Tesla should never have launched even with just 10 vehicles,” he tells Fortune. “Yes, it works most of the time, but it blows my mind we’re still seeing issues like FSD running red lights or driving on the wrong side of the road. This shouldn’t be happening on such a regular basis.”

The problem is with each car added, the greater the statistical chance of a collision. Any robotaxi service, Waymo included, needs to be virtually flawless in order to scale the service safely—yet with Tesla there’s no sign of that, according to Martinez.

A distraction from declining sales numbers

The former U.S. Marine hosts the crowd-sourced FSD Community Tracker, the single most sophisticated and reliable form of empirical data collection and analysis on Tesla’s self-driving technology that is publicly available. Car executives like Volkswagen Autonomous Mobility CEO Christian Senger speak highly of it as a benchmark, and even Musk—who has his own internal data on disengagements that he refuses to share—singled it out as proof the company is making progress.

Developed with the help of a Canadian Tesla driver, his tracker is simple and easy to use: during a trip, FSD beta testers like Martinez catalog in real time problems that arise directly into the vehicle’s onboard infotainment system, where it’s stored until it can be uploaded to the internet. Drivers are incentivized through weekly recognition of the top contributors, turning it into something of a friendly competition.

Currently, its data shows even the latest FSD version from Tesla results in a critical disengagement roughly every 340 miles between both city and highway at present. Called 13.2.9, it rolled out in May just weeks before the Austin service launched. “You sometimes hear Elon saying, ‘we’re having a hard time finding disengagements.’ That is such BS,” Martinez adds.

Although the Austin robotaxi fleet is believed to be using a newer iteration, in Martinez’s estimation it closely approximates the performance of the version released to the public since they reveal similar shortcomings, such as driving in the wrong lane.

He believes Tesla has been more focused on meeting Musk’s June launch timetable come hell or high water than on perfecting the actual underlying technology. Since demand for his EVs dropped sharply in the first half of the year and his Cybertruck has proven to be a commercial flop, the CEO needs something to keep investors happy.

“This feels like a distraction from the declining sales numbers,” he said, adding “Elon is gambling.”

In the meantime, the last major update Tesla owners received, v13.2.1, launched to the public seven months ago.

The company did not respond to a request to comment on this or any other point related to its FSD self-driving technology.

Musk stakes future on game-changing technology

When Tesla hosts its second-quarter earnings call after the close of markets on Wednesday, Musk will face a barrage of questions around the roadmap of his robotaxi pilot. At press time, the top-ranked issue is the performance he’s seen so far in Austin and how soon the service can scale in terms of new cities and more vehicles.

Investors have a lot of money riding on FSD, and will want answers as to how soon 10 cars in Austin can grow to thousands across the country. Only then will they get a feeling for how long it will take Tesla to leapfrog Waymo, going from zero unsupervised miles currently to the 100 million just recorded by its archrival.

The technology could prove a game changer, especially for marginalized communities like the handicapped. Jessie Wolinsky, a legally blind millennial who video blogs about her experience slowly losing her eyesight, told California regulators she was grateful for being part of Waymo’s trusted rider program.

“It has provided me with a feeling of safety that I’ve never had before.,” she said at an August 2023 hearing shortly before the state voted to greenlight the technology. “I get into a Waymo vehicle, not only am I able to get to where I need to be on my own terms, which is huge, but I am able to do so without the fear of being harassed, groped, assaulted, attacked or potentially worse.”

Musk staked the company’s fortune on the robotaxi service, which now must generate the profits needed to fund his Optimus robot program currently under development.

If you want trust, you need full transparency

But autonomous driving at its heart is a technology steeped in statistical eventualities. How many cars are operating at the same time and how many miles do they collectively log before the first accident occurs—thousands? Millions? More?

Flying may seem like a dangerous endeavor to some, but there is no form of mass transportation safer since 99.9999% of flights land without incident. Companies like Tesla and Waymo now need to demonstrate a similar level of reliability despite variables far exceeding a plane flying through a relatively less crowded sky.

For that you need extensive, detailed data — the kind that Martinez collects with the help of the Tesla community. If you ask the company for answers, though, you’ll get none — just the opposite in fact. Instead of attempting to gain public trust through transparency, Musk’s company is currently pressing federal regulators to bury its robotaxi safety record, claiming the data must remain confidential for business reasons.

“This shouldn’t be proprietary. You’re driving on public roads so the data needs to be made available,” he said. “The fact that they’re hiding data should tell you everything you need to know. If you really want trust, you have to have full transparency.”

Instead, Musk only releases a quarterly crash statistic for his FSD beta program, now called FSD Supervised: for the first three months of this year Teslas drove 7.44 million miles before an accident. While this is a sterling result compared to the 700,000 miles for the average American driver, these are not robotaxi miles—they rely on drivers intervening before a collision ensues.

And even these figures, Martinez argues, should be vetted independently by regulators before being taken as credible: “If you leave it to a company, they will filter it to fit their narrative.”

Not ready to scale safely

Meanwhile, Tesla’s response seems to laugh it all off. On Monday, Musk thought it would be funny to expand the area covered by its three-week-old Austin robotaxi service to resemble a giant penis when seen on a map.

“Harder, better, faster, stronger,” the $1 trillion company wrote on Monday, a double entendre referencing the synth pop track of the same name by Daft Punk, a duo appropriately known for performing as robots. Musk approvingly reposted the phallus-shaped service map, adding the fare would now be hiked to $6.90 per ride from $4.20 previously, both numbers the 54-year old often employs for comical effect.

In short, the geographic expansion seemed more like a PR stunt more than anything else. The number of cars collecting fares has not appeared to change; Tesla continues to limit the number of people that can use the service; and human safety monitors still sit in the vehicle.

On the prediction site Polymarket, speculators have put the probability Tesla will have a fully functioning robotaxi service anywhere in the country at anytime during the rest of this year at just 42%, down from a high of 86% one month ago.

“It shows they’re not ready to scale, and if they did try to prematurely scale, they’re going to run into problems,” Martinez says. “Then you’re putting people at risk. Yes, maybe it’s a lower risk compared to a drunk driver, but it’s still a risk.”

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