
杰夫·貝佐斯從在貝爾維尤租用的車庫起步,最終掌舵一家市值2.4萬億美元的公司,這一歷史如今已成為商業(yè)傳奇。1994年夏天,杰夫·貝佐斯放棄了自己在華爾街剛剛起步的職業(yè)生涯,搬到了華盛頓州的貝爾維尤,懷揣著一個愿景:創(chuàng)建一家有朝一日能銷售萬物的在線書店。亞馬遜(Amazon)的第一個總部是一間普通的出租屋,他和當時的妻子麥肯齊并肩工作,打包書籍并親自開車送往郵局。那個混凝土地面、服務器嗡嗡作響的車庫,成為了日后被稱為“萬物商店”的誕生地。
這個車庫也塑造了貝佐斯作為亞馬遜創(chuàng)始人的心態(tài)。終有一天,他會將這種心態(tài)深深植入其規(guī)模更加龐大的公司。這便是“第一天”(Day 1)心態(tài),即你應該像公司剛成立一天、你仍身處車庫時那樣去對待每一天的工作。成功或失敗可能就在轉(zhuǎn)瞬之間。貝佐斯從他自己的“第一天”開始,就將創(chuàng)新、冒險和數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動的迭代機制化。
然而,拋開車庫創(chuàng)業(yè)神話和人們耳熟能詳?shù)挠赂覄?chuàng)業(yè)的故事,亞馬遜的崛起也可以被理解為它對網(wǎng)絡效應的非凡預見、戰(zhàn)略性的長遠思維以及對客戶不懈追求的結(jié)果。事實上,貝佐斯曾一度想將公司命名為“relentless”(永不停步),至今訪問relentless.com仍會跳轉(zhuǎn)回亞馬遜,這個名字源自這條長河。


巴諾書店里的團隊會議
早期資源匱乏,辦公空間緊缺。在那幾個月里,貝佐斯和他的小團隊經(jīng)常在當?shù)氐囊患野椭Z書店(Barnes & Noble)開會。他們深知其中的諷刺意味:這家初出茅廬的在線圖書銷售商,正在美國最大的實體連鎖書店的過道里運籌帷幄。
1996年,隨著亞馬遜聲名鵲起,巴諾書店的創(chuàng)始人里吉奧兄弟注意到了這一變化。他們會見了貝佐斯,表達了欽佩,但也警告說他們自己的在線業(yè)務將很快蓋過亞馬遜。貝佐斯不為所動,堅定地踐行自己的愿景,提出了“快速做大”的口號,并將目光投向快速擴張。
當亞馬遜搬入正式的辦公場所時,貝佐斯延續(xù)了這種“艱苦樸素”的風格,用回收的舊門板作為自己和員工的辦公桌。他想傳達的信息是:任何資源都不能浪費,都要回收利用。亞馬遜要像它提供給消費者的優(yōu)惠一樣,做到節(jié)儉。這也是將車庫精神帶入辦公空間的另一種方式,是強調(diào)“永不停步”的又一種體現(xiàn)。


“快速做大”的不懈驅(qū)動力
貝佐斯從家人、朋友和少數(shù)投資者那里籌集資金,出讓了大量股權(quán)以換取擴張所需的資金。公司銷售的第一類產(chǎn)品是二手圖書,選擇它們是因為其普遍需求和易于運輸。但貝佐斯的雄心遠不止于此:他希望建立一個可以向任何地方的任何人銷售任何商品的商店。
與許多互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代的創(chuàng)始人不同,貝佐斯抵制住追求快速盈利的誘惑,不惜犧牲短期回報,優(yōu)先考慮規(guī)模擴張。他如今著名的“遺憾最小化框架”決策過程強調(diào)立即行動以避免未來后悔,這成為他敢于冒險的驅(qū)動力:放棄個人利益,說服早期投資者支持業(yè)績虧損,以及建設一個初期成本看似不合理的履約基礎(chǔ)設施。但這種紀律嚴明的再投資培育出了世界上最先進的物流網(wǎng)絡,并使亞馬遜不僅在圖書領(lǐng)域占據(jù)主導地位,甚至在它所涉及的任何商業(yè)領(lǐng)域,都樹立了主導地位。



“萬物商店”的崛起
到20世紀90年代末,亞馬遜銷售的商品品類從圖書擴展到音樂、電影,并最終涵蓋了琳瑯滿目的商品。通過快速配送、低價以及不斷擴大的商品種類等,公司對客戶體驗的不懈專注使其在競爭中脫穎而出。亞馬遜成功度過了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫破滅時期,熬倒了競爭對手,并持續(xù)創(chuàng)新,推出了Amazon Prime會員服務、Kindle電子書閱讀器和亞馬遜網(wǎng)絡服務(AWS)等,標志著亞馬遜從單一產(chǎn)品零售商向平臺的轉(zhuǎn)變。
通過向第三方賣家開放平臺以及推出AWS,亞馬遜不僅僅成為了一個零售商,更成為了全球商業(yè)和云計算的基礎(chǔ)設施。尤其要指出的是,AWS是將內(nèi)部能力重新定位為外部市場產(chǎn)品的一個典型案例。此舉幫助重塑了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)本身的經(jīng)濟模式。亞馬遜的不懈努力將其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€近乎公共事業(yè)的存在。
2.4萬億美元的商業(yè)帝國
如今,亞馬遜已成為一個全球巨頭,其業(yè)務范圍從電子商務和云計算延伸至娛樂和人工智能領(lǐng)域。截至2025年7月,亞馬遜的市值高達2.4萬億美元,使其成為全球第四大最有價值的公司。
然而,亞馬遜的影響力超越了資產(chǎn)負債表。它重新定義了供應鏈預期,影響了勞動力市場,并引發(fā)了圍繞反壟斷的緊迫問題。批評人士認為,推動亞馬遜崛起的機制——激進的再投資、平臺主導地位和數(shù)據(jù)杠桿——也造成了結(jié)構(gòu)性依賴,對競爭、隱私和勞工產(chǎn)生了深遠影響。
亞馬遜真正的“護城河”可能既非零售業(yè)務,也非云計算,而是其將實體與數(shù)字服務無縫整合為一個自適應操作系統(tǒng)的能力。在貝佐斯的繼任者安迪·賈西的領(lǐng)導下,它正致力于將人工智能驅(qū)動的服務納入其業(yè)務版圖。它永不停步。
關(guān)于本文,《財富》雜志使用了生成式AI輔助完成初稿。編輯在發(fā)布前已核實信息的準確性。(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
杰夫·貝佐斯從在貝爾維尤租用的車庫起步,最終掌舵一家市值2.4萬億美元的公司,這一歷史如今已成為商業(yè)傳奇。1994年夏天,杰夫·貝佐斯放棄了自己在華爾街剛剛起步的職業(yè)生涯,搬到了華盛頓州的貝爾維尤,懷揣著一個愿景:創(chuàng)建一家有朝一日能銷售萬物的在線書店。亞馬遜(Amazon)的第一個總部是一間普通的出租屋,他和當時的妻子麥肯齊并肩工作,打包書籍并親自開車送往郵局。那個混凝土地面、服務器嗡嗡作響的車庫,成為了日后被稱為“萬物商店”的誕生地。
這個車庫也塑造了貝佐斯作為亞馬遜創(chuàng)始人的心態(tài)。終有一天,他會將這種心態(tài)深深植入其規(guī)模更加龐大的公司。這便是“第一天”(Day 1)心態(tài),即你應該像公司剛成立一天、你仍身處車庫時那樣去對待每一天的工作。成功或失敗可能就在轉(zhuǎn)瞬之間。貝佐斯從他自己的“第一天”開始,就將創(chuàng)新、冒險和數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動的迭代機制化。
然而,拋開車庫創(chuàng)業(yè)神話和人們耳熟能詳?shù)挠赂覄?chuàng)業(yè)的故事,亞馬遜的崛起也可以被理解為它對網(wǎng)絡效應的非凡預見、戰(zhàn)略性的長遠思維以及對客戶不懈追求的結(jié)果。事實上,貝佐斯曾一度想將公司命名為“relentless”(永不停步),至今訪問relentless.com仍會跳轉(zhuǎn)回亞馬遜,這個名字源自這條長河。
巴諾書店里的團隊會議
早期資源匱乏,辦公空間緊缺。在那幾個月里,貝佐斯和他的小團隊經(jīng)常在當?shù)氐囊患野椭Z書店(Barnes & Noble)開會。他們深知其中的諷刺意味:這家初出茅廬的在線圖書銷售商,正在美國最大的實體連鎖書店的過道里運籌帷幄。
1996年,隨著亞馬遜聲名鵲起,巴諾書店的創(chuàng)始人里吉奧兄弟注意到了這一變化。他們會見了貝佐斯,表達了欽佩,但也警告說他們自己的在線業(yè)務將很快蓋過亞馬遜。貝佐斯不為所動,堅定地踐行自己的愿景,提出了“快速做大”的口號,并將目光投向快速擴張。
當亞馬遜搬入正式的辦公場所時,貝佐斯延續(xù)了這種“艱苦樸素”的風格,用回收的舊門板作為自己和員工的辦公桌。他想傳達的信息是:任何資源都不能浪費,都要回收利用。亞馬遜要像它提供給消費者的優(yōu)惠一樣,做到節(jié)儉。這也是將車庫精神帶入辦公空間的另一種方式,是強調(diào)“永不停步”的又一種體現(xiàn)。
“快速做大”的不懈驅(qū)動力
貝佐斯從家人、朋友和少數(shù)投資者那里籌集資金,出讓了大量股權(quán)以換取擴張所需的資金。公司銷售的第一類產(chǎn)品是二手圖書,選擇它們是因為其普遍需求和易于運輸。但貝佐斯的雄心遠不止于此:他希望建立一個可以向任何地方的任何人銷售任何商品的商店。
與許多互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代的創(chuàng)始人不同,貝佐斯抵制住追求快速盈利的誘惑,不惜犧牲短期回報,優(yōu)先考慮規(guī)模擴張。他如今著名的“遺憾最小化框架”決策過程強調(diào)立即行動以避免未來后悔,這成為他敢于冒險的驅(qū)動力:放棄個人利益,說服早期投資者支持業(yè)績虧損,以及建設一個初期成本看似不合理的履約基礎(chǔ)設施。但這種紀律嚴明的再投資培育出了世界上最先進的物流網(wǎng)絡,并使亞馬遜不僅在圖書領(lǐng)域占據(jù)主導地位,甚至在它所涉及的任何商業(yè)領(lǐng)域,都樹立了主導地位。
“萬物商店”的崛起
到20世紀90年代末,亞馬遜銷售的商品品類從圖書擴展到音樂、電影,并最終涵蓋了琳瑯滿目的商品。通過快速配送、低價以及不斷擴大的商品種類等,公司對客戶體驗的不懈專注使其在競爭中脫穎而出。亞馬遜成功度過了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫破滅時期,熬倒了競爭對手,并持續(xù)創(chuàng)新,推出了Amazon Prime會員服務、Kindle電子書閱讀器和亞馬遜網(wǎng)絡服務(AWS)等,標志著亞馬遜從單一產(chǎn)品零售商向平臺的轉(zhuǎn)變。
通過向第三方賣家開放平臺以及推出AWS,亞馬遜不僅僅成為了一個零售商,更成為了全球商業(yè)和云計算的基礎(chǔ)設施。尤其要指出的是,AWS是將內(nèi)部能力重新定位為外部市場產(chǎn)品的一個典型案例。此舉幫助重塑了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)本身的經(jīng)濟模式。亞馬遜的不懈努力將其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€近乎公共事業(yè)的存在。
2.4萬億美元的商業(yè)帝國
如今,亞馬遜已成為一個全球巨頭,其業(yè)務范圍從電子商務和云計算延伸至娛樂和人工智能領(lǐng)域。截至2025年7月,亞馬遜的市值高達2.4萬億美元,使其成為全球第四大最有價值的公司。
然而,亞馬遜的影響力超越了資產(chǎn)負債表。它重新定義了供應鏈預期,影響了勞動力市場,并引發(fā)了圍繞反壟斷的緊迫問題。批評人士認為,推動亞馬遜崛起的機制——激進的再投資、平臺主導地位和數(shù)據(jù)杠桿——也造成了結(jié)構(gòu)性依賴,對競爭、隱私和勞工產(chǎn)生了深遠影響。
亞馬遜真正的“護城河”可能既非零售業(yè)務,也非云計算,而是其將實體與數(shù)字服務無縫整合為一個自適應操作系統(tǒng)的能力。在貝佐斯的繼任者安迪·賈西的領(lǐng)導下,它正致力于將人工智能驅(qū)動的服務納入其業(yè)務版圖。它永不停步。
關(guān)于本文,《財富》雜志使用了生成式AI輔助完成初稿。編輯在發(fā)布前已核實信息的準確性。(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
Jeff Bezos’ trajectory from a rented Bellevue garage to the helm of a $2.4 trillion enterprise is now business legend. In the summer of 1994, Jeff Bezos left a fledgling Wall Street career and moved to Bellevue, Washington, with a vision: to build an online bookstore that could one day sell everything. The first headquarters of Amazon was a modest rented house, and he and his then-wife, MacKenzie, worked side by side, packing books and driving them to the post office. The garage, with its concrete floor and humming servers, became the birthplace of what would soon be known as “the everything store.”
It also gave birth to Bezos’ mentality as Amazon founder, one that he would ingrain some day in his much larger company as “Day 1,” as in, every day of your job should be tackled as if the company was one day old and you were still in the garage. Success or failure could be just around the corner. Bezos worked from his own day one to institutionalize innovation, risk-taking, and data-driven iteration.
But looking beyond the garage mythology and the familiar narrative of entrepreneurial grit, Amazon’s ascent can also be understood as a product of uncanny anticipation of network effects, strategic long-term thinking, and relentless customer obsession. In fact, Bezos at one time wanted to name the company “relentless” and relentless.com still directs back to Amazon, the long river from which it all flows.
Team meetings at Barnes & Noble
In the early days, resources were scarce, and office space was at a premium. In those months, Bezos and his tiny team often held meetings at a local Barnes & Noble. The irony was not lost on them: the upstart online bookseller strategizing in the aisles of the nation’s largest brick-and-mortar book chain.
In 1996, as Amazon’s profile grew, Barnes & Noble’s founders, the Riggio brothers, took notice. They met with Bezos, expressing admiration but also warning that their own online venture would soon eclipse Amazon. Undeterred, Bezos doubled down on his vision, coining the motto “Get Big Fast” and setting his sights on rapid expansion.
By the time Amazon moved into official office space, Bezos leaned into the scrappiness, using recycled doors as desks for himself and his staff. He wanted to communicate that no resource goes unused or un-recycled. Amazon would be as thrifty as the deals that it gave to its consumers. It was also another way to bring the garage into the office space, another way to stress being relentless.
The relentless drive to ‘get big fast’
Bezos raised capital from family, friends, and a handful of investors, giving up a significant stake in exchange for the funds needed to scale. The company’s first product was used books, chosen for their universal demand and ease of shipping. But Bezos’ ambitions were always bigger: he envisioned a store that could sell anything to anyone, anywhere.
Unlike many dot-com era founders, Bezos eschewed the lure of quick profits, instead prioritizing scale at the expense of short-term returns. His now-famous “regret minimization framework”—a decision-making process that emphasized acting now to avoid future regret—drove bold risks: forgoing personal profit, convincing early investors to back negative earnings, and building a fulfillment infrastructure whose costs initially seemed irrational. But this disciplined reinvestment cultivated one of the world’s most advanced logistics networks and primed Amazon to dominate not just books, but any commerce vertical it pursued.
The ‘everything store’ emerges
By the late 1990s, Amazon had expanded beyond books, adding music, movies, and eventually a dizzying array of products. The company’s relentless focus on customer experience—fast shipping, low prices, and an ever-expanding selection—set it apart from competitors. Amazon weathered the dot-com crash, outlasted rivals, and continued to innovate, launching services such as Amazon Prime, Kindle, and Amazon Web Services (AWS), reflecting Amazon’s shift from single-product retailer to platform.
By opening the site to third-party sellers and launching AWS, Amazon became not merely a merchant, but an infrastructure for global commerce and cloud computing. AWS, in particular, is a case study in internal capabilities repurposed into external market offerings—a move that helped reshaped the economics of the internet itself. Amazon’s relentless drive turned it into something approaching a utility.
A $2.4 trillion empire
Today, Amazon is a global powerhouse, its reach extending from e-commerce and cloud computing to entertainment and artificial intelligence. As of July 2025, Amazon’s market capitalization stands at a staggering $2.4 trillion, making it the world’s fourth most valuable company.
Amazon’s impact transcends balance sheets, though. It has redefined supply chain expectations, influenced labor markets, and raised pressing questions around antitrust. Critics argue that the same mechanisms that fueled its rise—aggressive reinvestment, platform dominance, and data leverage—have also created structural dependencies with profound implications for competition, privacy, and labor.
Amazon’s true moat may be neither retail nor cloud computing per se—but its ability to seamlessly integrate physical and digital services into a single, adaptive operating system. It is working under Bezos’ successor Andy Jassy to add AI-driven services to the portfolio. It is relentless.
For this story, Fortune used generative AI to help with an initial draft. An editor verified the accuracy of the information before publishing.