
? 未來數(shù)月可能發(fā)生的多項(xiàng)重大事件、關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)集、進(jìn)展報(bào)告及貿(mào)易協(xié)定將決定美國經(jīng)濟(jì)和金融市場的走向。待到秋季,唐納德·特朗普的關(guān)稅措施與財(cái)政政策的影響將趨于明朗,從而增強(qiáng)美聯(lián)儲調(diào)整政策的信心。
若您遵循"五月清倉離場"的季節(jié)性投資策略,現(xiàn)在或許需要重新考量,因?yàn)槲磥頂?shù)月將決定美國經(jīng)濟(jì)與金融市場的前景。
今夏將迎來若干重大事件、關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)集、進(jìn)展報(bào)告和貿(mào)易協(xié)定。待到秋季,唐納德·特朗普的關(guān)稅措施與財(cái)政政策的影響將趨于明朗,從而增強(qiáng)美聯(lián)儲調(diào)整利率的信心。
以下是影響全局的關(guān)鍵因素:
“大而美法案”
該法案的核心議程最快或于本周啟動(dòng)。特朗普設(shè)定7月4日為國會(huì)通過所謂“大而美法案”的最終期限,該法案包含他的減稅措施及重點(diǎn)支出項(xiàng)目。
盡管眾議院已通過該法案的一個(gè)版本,另一個(gè)版本在參議院也取得了進(jìn)展,但共和黨在兩院的微弱優(yōu)勢,使最終方案敲定時(shí)間及具體條款仍存變數(shù)。
國會(huì)所需的利益交換可能使截止日期推遲至7月4日之后——尤其當(dāng)數(shù)名共和黨人宣布不再尋求連任后,他們對特朗普施壓的抵抗力將增強(qiáng)。
華爾街預(yù)期減稅措施將刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)和股市,債市則關(guān)注法案對美債的影響。國會(huì)預(yù)算辦公室(Congressional Budget Office)測算,參議院版的法案將在十年內(nèi)使赤字增加近3.3萬億美元。
若財(cái)政沖擊再度顯現(xiàn),美債收益率可能攀升,給美元帶來更大壓力。今年以來,美元已貶值10%,創(chuàng)逾50年來最差上半年表現(xiàn)。
債務(wù)上限
美國財(cái)政部長斯科特·貝森特估計(jì),除非上調(diào)債務(wù)上限,否則美國將在仲夏或夏末喪失償債能力。
盡管貝森特承諾美國永不違約,但提高債務(wù)上限需國會(huì)授權(quán),只有這樣,財(cái)政部才能發(fā)行新債來償付利息及到期債務(wù)。
“大而美法案”擬將債務(wù)上限提高數(shù)萬億美元。與此同時(shí),財(cái)政部正采取特別現(xiàn)金管理措施避免違約。
貝森特上周宣布將特別措施有效期延至7月24日,此舉顯然是在敦促國會(huì)在慣常的8月休會(huì)前提高債務(wù)上限。
如果未能提高債務(wù)上限并最終引發(fā)美國違約,將導(dǎo)致全球性的金融災(zāi)難。
關(guān)稅與貿(mào)易協(xié)定
自4月“解放日”以來,特朗普政府官員持續(xù)釋放即將達(dá)成重大貿(mào)易協(xié)定的信號。迄今為止,美國已與英國、中國達(dá)成協(xié)議,與其他主要貿(mào)易伙伴的談判仍在進(jìn)行中。
與此同時(shí),特朗普"對等關(guān)稅"90天暫緩期將于7月9日終止,屆時(shí)關(guān)稅將回調(diào)至曾引發(fā)股市暴跌的水平。
貝森特已暗示該期限可靈活調(diào)整,稱勞工節(jié)前可能會(huì)達(dá)成十余項(xiàng)貿(mào)易協(xié)定。但上周末特朗普重申希望終止談判,直接對各國單邊設(shè)定關(guān)稅稅率。
突然恢復(fù)高關(guān)稅將再次重創(chuàng)華爾街。市場原本預(yù)期最終稅率將穩(wěn)定在多數(shù)國家10%、中國30%的可承受水平,此類稅率基本可以消化,不會(huì)造成過于嚴(yán)重的影響。
美聯(lián)儲
關(guān)稅及其通脹效應(yīng)將極大影響美聯(lián)儲的利率決策,因?yàn)檠胄行枰獧?quán)衡是否要降低利率。迄今為止,物價(jià)數(shù)據(jù)尚未顯現(xiàn)關(guān)稅帶來的嚴(yán)重影響,部分聯(lián)儲官員視此為通脹溫和、適宜降息的佐證。
但美聯(lián)儲主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾等決策者暗示,他們?nèi)孕枰辽贁?shù)月的數(shù)據(jù),才能確認(rèn)通脹確實(shí)處于正常軌道上。
若即將公布的數(shù)據(jù)表明關(guān)稅引發(fā)的通脹僅為短期波動(dòng),不會(huì)推升消費(fèi)者的長期通脹預(yù)期,美聯(lián)儲或?qū)⒂诮袂飭?dòng)降息。
盡管特朗普要求美聯(lián)儲立即降息,但其行為反而可能增加決策難度。為了向市場證明其面對政治壓力的獨(dú)立性,美聯(lián)儲官員可能更不愿意降息。關(guān)稅戰(zhàn)再度升級將擾亂通脹形勢。而美聯(lián)儲"影子主席"的任命甚至可能引發(fā)聯(lián)邦公開市場委員會(huì)(Federal Open Market Committee)內(nèi)訌。
企業(yè)收益
從7月起,美國公司將陸續(xù)發(fā)布第二季度財(cái)報(bào),華爾街將更全面地評估關(guān)稅及其引發(fā)的經(jīng)濟(jì)不確定性對盈利現(xiàn)狀與前景的影響。
由于年初各公司搶在關(guān)稅生效前囤積進(jìn)口商品,第一季度財(cái)報(bào)未完全反映高稅率的影響。
隨著庫存見底,迫使公司要么提高售價(jià),要么自行消化關(guān)稅成本,壓縮利潤率收縮。
在特朗普挑起的貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩的背景下,公司的收益還需要考慮到投資與招聘規(guī)模大小的影響。
白宮財(cái)政政策同樣會(huì)影響公司盈利:減稅措施、部分稅收抵免終止、國防支出增加及社會(huì)保障支出削減等因素正對美國企業(yè)與消費(fèi)者產(chǎn)生連鎖反應(yīng)。
黑天鵝:中東局勢
以色列、伊朗與美國之間達(dá)成的脆弱的?;饏f(xié)議,壓低了油價(jià),因?yàn)槭袌鰧?yīng)突發(fā)中斷的憂慮有所緩解。
但特朗普宣稱若需削弱伊朗核計(jì)劃,將再度對伊朗實(shí)施轟炸。而關(guān)于伊朗核能力實(shí)際受損程度,各方報(bào)道眾說紛紜。
戰(zhàn)火重燃或致原油價(jià)格再度飆升,從而削弱消費(fèi)者購買力,導(dǎo)致通脹再度升高,并令聯(lián)儲降息及經(jīng)濟(jì)前景更趨復(fù)雜。
期望今年夏季一切順利。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
? 未來數(shù)月可能發(fā)生的多項(xiàng)重大事件、關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)集、進(jìn)展報(bào)告及貿(mào)易協(xié)定將決定美國經(jīng)濟(jì)和金融市場的走向。待到秋季,唐納德·特朗普的關(guān)稅措施與財(cái)政政策的影響將趨于明朗,從而增強(qiáng)美聯(lián)儲調(diào)整政策的信心。
若您遵循"五月清倉離場"的季節(jié)性投資策略,現(xiàn)在或許需要重新考量,因?yàn)槲磥頂?shù)月將決定美國經(jīng)濟(jì)與金融市場的前景。
今夏將迎來若干重大事件、關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)集、進(jìn)展報(bào)告和貿(mào)易協(xié)定。待到秋季,唐納德·特朗普的關(guān)稅措施與財(cái)政政策的影響將趨于明朗,從而增強(qiáng)美聯(lián)儲調(diào)整利率的信心。
以下是影響全局的關(guān)鍵因素:
“大而美法案”
該法案的核心議程最快或于本周啟動(dòng)。特朗普設(shè)定7月4日為國會(huì)通過所謂“大而美法案”的最終期限,該法案包含他的減稅措施及重點(diǎn)支出項(xiàng)目。
盡管眾議院已通過該法案的一個(gè)版本,另一個(gè)版本在參議院也取得了進(jìn)展,但共和黨在兩院的微弱優(yōu)勢,使最終方案敲定時(shí)間及具體條款仍存變數(shù)。
國會(huì)所需的利益交換可能使截止日期推遲至7月4日之后——尤其當(dāng)數(shù)名共和黨人宣布不再尋求連任后,他們對特朗普施壓的抵抗力將增強(qiáng)。
華爾街預(yù)期減稅措施將刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)和股市,債市則關(guān)注法案對美債的影響。國會(huì)預(yù)算辦公室(Congressional Budget Office)測算,參議院版的法案將在十年內(nèi)使赤字增加近3.3萬億美元。
若財(cái)政沖擊再度顯現(xiàn),美債收益率可能攀升,給美元帶來更大壓力。今年以來,美元已貶值10%,創(chuàng)逾50年來最差上半年表現(xiàn)。
債務(wù)上限
美國財(cái)政部長斯科特·貝森特估計(jì),除非上調(diào)債務(wù)上限,否則美國將在仲夏或夏末喪失償債能力。
盡管貝森特承諾美國永不違約,但提高債務(wù)上限需國會(huì)授權(quán),只有這樣,財(cái)政部才能發(fā)行新債來償付利息及到期債務(wù)。
“大而美法案”擬將債務(wù)上限提高數(shù)萬億美元。與此同時(shí),財(cái)政部正采取特別現(xiàn)金管理措施避免違約。
貝森特上周宣布將特別措施有效期延至7月24日,此舉顯然是在敦促國會(huì)在慣常的8月休會(huì)前提高債務(wù)上限。
如果未能提高債務(wù)上限并最終引發(fā)美國違約,將導(dǎo)致全球性的金融災(zāi)難。
關(guān)稅與貿(mào)易協(xié)定
自4月“解放日”以來,特朗普政府官員持續(xù)釋放即將達(dá)成重大貿(mào)易協(xié)定的信號。迄今為止,美國已與英國、中國達(dá)成協(xié)議,與其他主要貿(mào)易伙伴的談判仍在進(jìn)行中。
與此同時(shí),特朗普"對等關(guān)稅"90天暫緩期將于7月9日終止,屆時(shí)關(guān)稅將回調(diào)至曾引發(fā)股市暴跌的水平。
貝森特已暗示該期限可靈活調(diào)整,稱勞工節(jié)前可能會(huì)達(dá)成十余項(xiàng)貿(mào)易協(xié)定。但上周末特朗普重申希望終止談判,直接對各國單邊設(shè)定關(guān)稅稅率。
突然恢復(fù)高關(guān)稅將再次重創(chuàng)華爾街。市場原本預(yù)期最終稅率將穩(wěn)定在多數(shù)國家10%、中國30%的可承受水平,此類稅率基本可以消化,不會(huì)造成過于嚴(yán)重的影響。
美聯(lián)儲
關(guān)稅及其通脹效應(yīng)將極大影響美聯(lián)儲的利率決策,因?yàn)檠胄行枰獧?quán)衡是否要降低利率。迄今為止,物價(jià)數(shù)據(jù)尚未顯現(xiàn)關(guān)稅帶來的嚴(yán)重影響,部分聯(lián)儲官員視此為通脹溫和、適宜降息的佐證。
但美聯(lián)儲主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾等決策者暗示,他們?nèi)孕枰辽贁?shù)月的數(shù)據(jù),才能確認(rèn)通脹確實(shí)處于正常軌道上。
若即將公布的數(shù)據(jù)表明關(guān)稅引發(fā)的通脹僅為短期波動(dòng),不會(huì)推升消費(fèi)者的長期通脹預(yù)期,美聯(lián)儲或?qū)⒂诮袂飭?dòng)降息。
盡管特朗普要求美聯(lián)儲立即降息,但其行為反而可能增加決策難度。為了向市場證明其面對政治壓力的獨(dú)立性,美聯(lián)儲官員可能更不愿意降息。關(guān)稅戰(zhàn)再度升級將擾亂通脹形勢。而美聯(lián)儲"影子主席"的任命甚至可能引發(fā)聯(lián)邦公開市場委員會(huì)(Federal Open Market Committee)內(nèi)訌。
企業(yè)收益
從7月起,美國公司將陸續(xù)發(fā)布第二季度財(cái)報(bào),華爾街將更全面地評估關(guān)稅及其引發(fā)的經(jīng)濟(jì)不確定性對盈利現(xiàn)狀與前景的影響。
由于年初各公司搶在關(guān)稅生效前囤積進(jìn)口商品,第一季度財(cái)報(bào)未完全反映高稅率的影響。
隨著庫存見底,迫使公司要么提高售價(jià),要么自行消化關(guān)稅成本,壓縮利潤率收縮。
在特朗普挑起的貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩的背景下,公司的收益還需要考慮到投資與招聘規(guī)模大小的影響。
白宮財(cái)政政策同樣會(huì)影響公司盈利:減稅措施、部分稅收抵免終止、國防支出增加及社會(huì)保障支出削減等因素正對美國企業(yè)與消費(fèi)者產(chǎn)生連鎖反應(yīng)。
黑天鵝:中東局勢
以色列、伊朗與美國之間達(dá)成的脆弱的?;饏f(xié)議,壓低了油價(jià),因?yàn)槭袌鰧?yīng)突發(fā)中斷的憂慮有所緩解。
但特朗普宣稱若需削弱伊朗核計(jì)劃,將再度對伊朗實(shí)施轟炸。而關(guān)于伊朗核能力實(shí)際受損程度,各方報(bào)道眾說紛紜。
戰(zhàn)火重燃或致原油價(jià)格再度飆升,從而削弱消費(fèi)者購買力,導(dǎo)致通脹再度升高,并令聯(lián)儲降息及經(jīng)濟(jì)前景更趨復(fù)雜。
期望今年夏季一切順利。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
? The coming months will likely see several major events, datasets, progress reports, and deals that will determine the path forward for the economy and financial markets. By the fall, the impact of President Donald Trump’s tariffs and fiscal policies should be clearer, giving the Federal Reserve more confidence to act.
If you followed the seasonal investing advice of “sell in May and go away,” you may want to reconsider because the outlook for the economy and financial markets will likely be determined in the coming months.
Several major events, datasets, progress reports, and deals are due this summer. By fall, the impact of President Donald Trump’s tariffs and fiscal policies should be clearer, giving the Federal Reserve enough confidence to act on interest rates.
Here’s a look at the factors that will tip the scales:
“One Big Beautiful Bill”
A key piece could come as soon as this week. Trump has set a July 4 deadline for Congress to pass his so-called One Big Beautiful Bill, which contains his tax cuts and spending priorities.
While the House of Representatives passed one version of the legislation and the Senate advanced a separate one, the GOP’s narrow majorities in both chambers make the timing of the eventual package and its exact provisions less certain.
All the congressional logrolling that’s needed could push the timeline past July 4, especially now that a few Republicans have announced they will not seek reelection, making them less susceptible to Trump’s arm-twisting.
Wall Street expects the tax cuts to juice the economy and the stock market, while the bond market will watch the bill’s impact on U.S. debt. The Congressional Budget Office has estimated the Senate’s version of the bill will add nearly $3.3 trillion to deficits over a decade.
More fiscal sticker shock could send Treasury yields higher and add more pressure on the dollar, which is already down 10% this year, its worst first-half performance in more than 50 years.
Debt ceiling
Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent has estimated that the U.S. will no longer be able to pay its bills by mid- to late summer, unless the debt ceiling is raised.
While he has vowed that the U.S. will never default, it’s up to Congress to raise the debt limit so that the Treasury Department can issue fresh bonds to service interest expenses and maturities.
The Big Beautiful Bill would increase the debt ceiling by trillions of dollars. In the meantime, the Treasury Department has been using its extraordinary cash management measures to avoid default.
Bessent said last week he extended his department’s authority to use those extraordinary measures to July 24, in an apparent reminder for Congress to raise the debt ceiling before its typical August recess.
Failure to raise the debt limit and prevent a U.S. default would spark a global financial meltdown.
Tariffs and trade deals
Trump administration officials have been saying since “Liberation Day” in April that major trade deals are imminent. So far, the U.S. has reached agreements with the U.K. and China, while negotiations with other top trade partners continue.
Meanwhile, the 90-day pause on Trump’s “reciprocal” tariffs will expire on July 9, after which they would spike back to levels that triggered an epic stock market selloff.
Bessent has signaled flexibility on that deadline, saying a dozen or so trade deals could be reached by Labor Day. But over the weekend, Trump reiterated his desire to dispense with any further talks and unilaterally set a tariff rate on each country.
A sudden return to high tariffs would deliver another jolt to Wall Street, which had been expecting duties to eventually settle at 10% for most countries and 30% for China—manageable levels that could largely be absorbed without too much pain.
Federal Reserve
Tariffs and their impact on inflation will heavily influence the central bank as it weighs whether to trim interest rates. Pricing data so far hasn’t revealed a big impact from tariffs, and a few Fed officials have said that’s evidence that inflation is tame enough to justify rate cuts.
But Fed Chairman Jerome Powell and other policymakers have indicated they need at least a few more months of data to be confident that inflation is indeed on the right track.
If the upcoming data show that any tariff-related inflation effects are only one-offs that aren’t raising consumers’ inflation expectations over the longer run, then rate cuts could come in the fall.
While Trump has demanded the Fed lower rates immediately, he could also make it harder for policymakers to do that. They may more reluctant to cut just to prove to markets that they are independent from political pressure. Re-escalation of tariffs could muddy the inflation picture. The naming of a “shadow” Fed chair could even stir a revolt on the Federal Open Market Committee.
Corporate earnings
Starting in July, earnings reports for the second quarter will start coming out, giving Wall Street a more fulsome view of how tariffs—and the economic uncertainty they’ve caused—are affecting profits as well as the outlook for profits.
Because companies rushed to stock up on imports earlier in the year to get ahead of tariffs, first-quarter results didn’t fully reflect higher rates.
But those stockpiles are being exhausted, forcing companies to hike prices on consumers or eat tariff costs and shrink profit margins.
Also factoring into earnings will be how much or how little companies plan to invest and hire in an economy that is slowing amid Trump’s trade war.
The White House’s fiscal policies will sway earnings too, as tax cuts, the end of certain tax credits, more spending on defense, and less spending on the social safety net ripple through corporate America and consumers.
Wild card: The Middle East
A tenuous ceasefire has taken hold between Israel, Iran, and the U.S., sending oil prices lower as markets worry less about a sudden supply disruption.
But Trump has said he is open to bombing Iran again if it’s necessary to cripple Tehran’s nuclear program. That’s as conflicting reports emerge over how much Iran’s capabilities have actually been damaged.
Renewed fighting could set off another surge in crude prices, sapping consumers of spending power, reigniting inflation, and further complicating the outlook for Fed rate cuts and the economy.
Have a great summer.