
特朗普政府預(yù)計(jì),隨著其經(jīng)濟(jì)議程的成效逐步顯現(xiàn),美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在經(jīng)歷第一季度萎縮后,將在未來12個(gè)月內(nèi)迎來反彈。
在上周五接受彭博電視臺(tái)廣泛采訪時(shí),財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)斯科特·貝森特預(yù)測(cè),政府的促增長(zhǎng)貿(mào)易政策、減稅議程及放松監(jiān)管措施將迅速帶動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)升溫。在2024年競(jìng)選期間,特朗普承諾改善中低收入選民(身處被全球化浪潮所遺落的社區(qū))的生活。
貝森特稱:“我確信,到明年此時(shí),我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速將超過3%,且年底前便會(huì)迎來轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)?!?/p>
他唯一擔(dān)憂的是,法院與民主黨議員或許會(huì)從中掣肘,比如為能源需求龐大的人工智能數(shù)據(jù)中心持續(xù)繁榮提供動(dòng)力的新公用事業(yè)項(xiàng)目,在加速發(fā)放許可這一環(huán)節(jié)上遭遇阻礙。
今年前三個(gè)月,美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)按年率計(jì)算萎縮了0.3%,原因是企業(yè)在特朗普政府征收懲罰性關(guān)稅前大量囤積進(jìn)口商品。隨后,《財(cái)富》雜志和德勤(Deloitte)4月對(duì)首席執(zhí)行官們進(jìn)行的調(diào)查顯示,他們對(duì)全球前景的悲觀情緒飆升。
在采訪中,貝森特提及政府目前正著力推進(jìn)多項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵經(jīng)濟(jì)議題,如被特朗普稱為“大而美法案”的減稅方案。
削減財(cái)政赤字在短期內(nèi)仍具有挑戰(zhàn)性
貝森特表示,該法案中能加速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的一大關(guān)鍵要素在于,允許國(guó)內(nèi)制造商對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行全額費(fèi)用化處理,而非分期折舊,從而降低應(yīng)納稅所得額。
他補(bǔ)充稱,這與計(jì)劃削減藥品成本所節(jié)省的開支相結(jié)合,將降低赤字在整體經(jīng)濟(jì)中的占比。
貝森特表示:“特朗普總統(tǒng)針對(duì)處方藥定價(jià)提出了極為大膽的提案,這有望為美國(guó)衛(wèi)生與公眾服務(wù)部節(jié)省巨額資金?!?/p>
即便如此,國(guó)會(huì)預(yù)算辦公室預(yù)估,總體成本將使赤字累計(jì)增加3.8萬億美元。貝森特承認(rèn),即便在樂觀情形下,明年預(yù)算赤字也可能大幅超出他所設(shè)定的占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值3%的目標(biāo)。
他表示:“我們并非一夜之間陷入這般困境,也不可能明天就解決問題。我所說的是到2028年實(shí)現(xiàn)赤字占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值3%的目標(biāo)?!?/p>
貝森特對(duì)未來兩周內(nèi)達(dá)成多項(xiàng)新貿(mào)易協(xié)議持樂觀態(tài)度
財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)個(gè)人肩負(fù)著主導(dǎo)與美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表賈米森·格里爾(Jamieson Greer)共同推進(jìn)貿(mào)易談判的責(zé)任。在暫停所謂的“對(duì)等”關(guān)稅(這一說法并不準(zhǔn)確,因?yàn)樗鼈兓谫Q(mào)易逆差而非對(duì)美國(guó)商品征收的進(jìn)口稅)之后,政府承諾在90天內(nèi)達(dá)成90項(xiàng)協(xié)議。到目前為止,僅與英國(guó)首相基爾·斯塔默(Keir Starmer)達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議,專家們批評(píng)該協(xié)議缺乏具體細(xì)節(jié)。
不過,據(jù)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)稱,即將達(dá)成更多協(xié)議。
貝森特表示:“我們有18個(gè)重要的貿(mào)易伙伴,所以大家真正應(yīng)關(guān)注的是這些伙伴。我們已與英國(guó)達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議,我預(yù)感未來幾周將宣布幾項(xiàng)重大協(xié)議。”
德國(guó)將在特朗普與歐盟的貿(mào)易沖突中扮演關(guān)鍵角色
然而,歐盟似乎是個(gè)例外。白宮對(duì)歐盟流露出明顯不滿,單方面宣布將于下月初對(duì)所有進(jìn)口商品征收50%的關(guān)稅。這一稅率超出特朗普本人聲稱的公平對(duì)等的20%,而且遠(yuǎn)在7月初90天暫停期結(jié)束之前。(在上周日與歐盟委員會(huì)主席烏爾蘇拉·馮德萊恩(Ursula von der Leyen)通話后,特朗普將50%的關(guān)稅時(shí)間推遲至6月9日。)
在這場(chǎng)沖突中,德國(guó)是關(guān)鍵角色,該國(guó)是嚴(yán)重依賴美國(guó)市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入的主要出口國(guó)。特朗普與德國(guó)政府向來關(guān)系不佳,而副總統(tǒng)詹姆斯·戴維·萬斯(JD Vance)在2月斥責(zé)德國(guó)政府排擠極右翼民族主義政黨選擇黨(AfD),更是讓這種緊張關(guān)系愈發(fā)劍拔弩張。
貝森特本周在加拿大舉行的七國(guó)集團(tuán)會(huì)議上與德國(guó)新任財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)拉爾斯·克林貝爾(Lars Klingbeil)會(huì)面后,流露出樂觀態(tài)度,并稱贊了德國(guó)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)。
他表示:“對(duì)方反應(yīng)非常積極。我認(rèn)為新任總理默茨(Merz)將為美德關(guān)系重啟帶來契機(jī),因此我非常樂觀地認(rèn)為,或許德國(guó)能助力歐盟在此方面取得進(jìn)展。”
美國(guó)國(guó)債收益率持續(xù)走高
貝森特駁斥了“外國(guó)投資者對(duì)美國(guó)國(guó)債失去興趣”的說法,稱近期借貸成本攀升反映的是一種普遍趨勢(shì),這種趨勢(shì)同樣影響著其他國(guó)家國(guó)債的需求,日本便是其中之一。
在他看來,美國(guó)政府對(duì)數(shù)字資產(chǎn)的大力扶持或許能提振對(duì)美國(guó)主權(quán)債務(wù)的需求,預(yù)計(jì)隨著穩(wěn)定幣供應(yīng)量持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)(以美債為儲(chǔ)備),將帶來2萬億美元的新增需求。
他表示,進(jìn)一步的緩解措施或?qū)⒂诮衲晗奶炻涞?,屆時(shí)美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)、貨幣監(jiān)理署以及聯(lián)邦存款保險(xiǎn)公司這些金融監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)預(yù)計(jì)將批準(zhǔn)對(duì)“補(bǔ)充杠桿率”(SLR)的調(diào)整。補(bǔ)充杠桿率規(guī)定,所有貸款機(jī)構(gòu)無論風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀況如何,均須持有至少3%的資本以應(yīng)對(duì)整體風(fēng)險(xiǎn)敞口,而系統(tǒng)重要性機(jī)構(gòu)則適用5%的規(guī)則。
他直言:“銀行因持有國(guó)債而受到懲罰?!痹谒磥恚槍?duì)持有美國(guó)國(guó)債這類無風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資產(chǎn)收取費(fèi)用毫無意義。
美國(guó)房貸巨頭房利美和房地美私有化
特朗普近期力推讓此前受政府支持的機(jī)構(gòu)房利美(Fannie Mae)和房地美(Freddie Mac)進(jìn)行股票上市(即推動(dòng)其私有化)的想法。根據(jù)美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)(National Association of Realtors)的數(shù)據(jù),這兩家機(jī)構(gòu)通過為銀行向購(gòu)房者發(fā)放的每10筆抵押貸款中約7筆提供擔(dān)保,在美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)扮演著關(guān)鍵的“潤(rùn)滑劑”角色。在雷曼兄弟(Lehman Brothers)破產(chǎn)前數(shù)周,這兩家機(jī)構(gòu)于2008年9月被政府接管并實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)有化,以遏制危機(jī)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)散。
貝森特表示,一旦政府的稅收和貿(mào)易議程達(dá)成,便會(huì)將關(guān)注點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向這兩家機(jī)構(gòu)的部分私有化。他指出,關(guān)鍵前提在于政府能否以避免抵押貸款利率與無風(fēng)險(xiǎn)國(guó)債利差擴(kuò)大的方式逐步削減自身所有權(quán)。
他表示:“存在幾種可行辦法,我們正在探索?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
特朗普政府預(yù)計(jì),隨著其經(jīng)濟(jì)議程的成效逐步顯現(xiàn),美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在經(jīng)歷第一季度萎縮后,將在未來12個(gè)月內(nèi)迎來反彈。
在上周五接受彭博電視臺(tái)廣泛采訪時(shí),財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)斯科特·貝森特預(yù)測(cè),政府的促增長(zhǎng)貿(mào)易政策、減稅議程及放松監(jiān)管措施將迅速帶動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)升溫。在2024年競(jìng)選期間,特朗普承諾改善中低收入選民(身處被全球化浪潮所遺落的社區(qū))的生活。
貝森特稱:“我確信,到明年此時(shí),我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速將超過3%,且年底前便會(huì)迎來轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)。”
他唯一擔(dān)憂的是,法院與民主黨議員或許會(huì)從中掣肘,比如為能源需求龐大的人工智能數(shù)據(jù)中心持續(xù)繁榮提供動(dòng)力的新公用事業(yè)項(xiàng)目,在加速發(fā)放許可這一環(huán)節(jié)上遭遇阻礙。
今年前三個(gè)月,美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)按年率計(jì)算萎縮了0.3%,原因是企業(yè)在特朗普政府征收懲罰性關(guān)稅前大量囤積進(jìn)口商品。隨后,《財(cái)富》雜志和德勤(Deloitte)4月對(duì)首席執(zhí)行官們進(jìn)行的調(diào)查顯示,他們對(duì)全球前景的悲觀情緒飆升。
在采訪中,貝森特提及政府目前正著力推進(jìn)多項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵經(jīng)濟(jì)議題,如被特朗普稱為“大而美法案”的減稅方案。
削減財(cái)政赤字在短期內(nèi)仍具有挑戰(zhàn)性
貝森特表示,該法案中能加速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的一大關(guān)鍵要素在于,允許國(guó)內(nèi)制造商對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行全額費(fèi)用化處理,而非分期折舊,從而降低應(yīng)納稅所得額。
他補(bǔ)充稱,這與計(jì)劃削減藥品成本所節(jié)省的開支相結(jié)合,將降低赤字在整體經(jīng)濟(jì)中的占比。
貝森特表示:“特朗普總統(tǒng)針對(duì)處方藥定價(jià)提出了極為大膽的提案,這有望為美國(guó)衛(wèi)生與公眾服務(wù)部節(jié)省巨額資金?!?/p>
即便如此,國(guó)會(huì)預(yù)算辦公室預(yù)估,總體成本將使赤字累計(jì)增加3.8萬億美元。貝森特承認(rèn),即便在樂觀情形下,明年預(yù)算赤字也可能大幅超出他所設(shè)定的占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值3%的目標(biāo)。
他表示:“我們并非一夜之間陷入這般困境,也不可能明天就解決問題。我所說的是到2028年實(shí)現(xiàn)赤字占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值3%的目標(biāo)?!?/p>
貝森特對(duì)未來兩周內(nèi)達(dá)成多項(xiàng)新貿(mào)易協(xié)議持樂觀態(tài)度
財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)個(gè)人肩負(fù)著主導(dǎo)與美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表賈米森·格里爾(Jamieson Greer)共同推進(jìn)貿(mào)易談判的責(zé)任。在暫停所謂的“對(duì)等”關(guān)稅(這一說法并不準(zhǔn)確,因?yàn)樗鼈兓谫Q(mào)易逆差而非對(duì)美國(guó)商品征收的進(jìn)口稅)之后,政府承諾在90天內(nèi)達(dá)成90項(xiàng)協(xié)議。到目前為止,僅與英國(guó)首相基爾·斯塔默(Keir Starmer)達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議,專家們批評(píng)該協(xié)議缺乏具體細(xì)節(jié)。
不過,據(jù)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)稱,即將達(dá)成更多協(xié)議。
貝森特表示:“我們有18個(gè)重要的貿(mào)易伙伴,所以大家真正應(yīng)關(guān)注的是這些伙伴。我們已與英國(guó)達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議,我預(yù)感未來幾周將宣布幾項(xiàng)重大協(xié)議?!?/p>
德國(guó)將在特朗普與歐盟的貿(mào)易沖突中扮演關(guān)鍵角色
然而,歐盟似乎是個(gè)例外。白宮對(duì)歐盟流露出明顯不滿,單方面宣布將于下月初對(duì)所有進(jìn)口商品征收50%的關(guān)稅。這一稅率超出特朗普本人聲稱的公平對(duì)等的20%,而且遠(yuǎn)在7月初90天暫停期結(jié)束之前。(在上周日與歐盟委員會(huì)主席烏爾蘇拉·馮德萊恩(Ursula von der Leyen)通話后,特朗普將50%的關(guān)稅時(shí)間推遲至6月9日。)
在這場(chǎng)沖突中,德國(guó)是關(guān)鍵角色,該國(guó)是嚴(yán)重依賴美國(guó)市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入的主要出口國(guó)。特朗普與德國(guó)政府向來關(guān)系不佳,而副總統(tǒng)詹姆斯·戴維·萬斯(JD Vance)在2月斥責(zé)德國(guó)政府排擠極右翼民族主義政黨選擇黨(AfD),更是讓這種緊張關(guān)系愈發(fā)劍拔弩張。
貝森特本周在加拿大舉行的七國(guó)集團(tuán)會(huì)議上與德國(guó)新任財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)拉爾斯·克林貝爾(Lars Klingbeil)會(huì)面后,流露出樂觀態(tài)度,并稱贊了德國(guó)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)。
他表示:“對(duì)方反應(yīng)非常積極。我認(rèn)為新任總理默茨(Merz)將為美德關(guān)系重啟帶來契機(jī),因此我非常樂觀地認(rèn)為,或許德國(guó)能助力歐盟在此方面取得進(jìn)展?!?/p>
美國(guó)國(guó)債收益率持續(xù)走高
貝森特駁斥了“外國(guó)投資者對(duì)美國(guó)國(guó)債失去興趣”的說法,稱近期借貸成本攀升反映的是一種普遍趨勢(shì),這種趨勢(shì)同樣影響著其他國(guó)家國(guó)債的需求,日本便是其中之一。
在他看來,美國(guó)政府對(duì)數(shù)字資產(chǎn)的大力扶持或許能提振對(duì)美國(guó)主權(quán)債務(wù)的需求,預(yù)計(jì)隨著穩(wěn)定幣供應(yīng)量持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)(以美債為儲(chǔ)備),將帶來2萬億美元的新增需求。
他表示,進(jìn)一步的緩解措施或?qū)⒂诮衲晗奶炻涞?,屆時(shí)美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)、貨幣監(jiān)理署以及聯(lián)邦存款保險(xiǎn)公司這些金融監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)預(yù)計(jì)將批準(zhǔn)對(duì)“補(bǔ)充杠桿率”(SLR)的調(diào)整。補(bǔ)充杠桿率規(guī)定,所有貸款機(jī)構(gòu)無論風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀況如何,均須持有至少3%的資本以應(yīng)對(duì)整體風(fēng)險(xiǎn)敞口,而系統(tǒng)重要性機(jī)構(gòu)則適用5%的規(guī)則。
他直言:“銀行因持有國(guó)債而受到懲罰。”在他看來,針對(duì)持有美國(guó)國(guó)債這類無風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資產(chǎn)收取費(fèi)用毫無意義。
美國(guó)房貸巨頭房利美和房地美私有化
特朗普近期力推讓此前受政府支持的機(jī)構(gòu)房利美(Fannie Mae)和房地美(Freddie Mac)進(jìn)行股票上市(即推動(dòng)其私有化)的想法。根據(jù)美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)(National Association of Realtors)的數(shù)據(jù),這兩家機(jī)構(gòu)通過為銀行向購(gòu)房者發(fā)放的每10筆抵押貸款中約7筆提供擔(dān)保,在美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)扮演著關(guān)鍵的“潤(rùn)滑劑”角色。在雷曼兄弟(Lehman Brothers)破產(chǎn)前數(shù)周,這兩家機(jī)構(gòu)于2008年9月被政府接管并實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)有化,以遏制危機(jī)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)散。
貝森特表示,一旦政府的稅收和貿(mào)易議程達(dá)成,便會(huì)將關(guān)注點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向這兩家機(jī)構(gòu)的部分私有化。他指出,關(guān)鍵前提在于政府能否以避免抵押貸款利率與無風(fēng)險(xiǎn)國(guó)債利差擴(kuò)大的方式逐步削減自身所有權(quán)。
他表示:“存在幾種可行辦法,我們正在探索。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
The Trump administration expects U.S. growth to bounce right back in the coming 12 months after a first-quarter contraction, as the benefits of its economic agenda takes root.
In a wide-ranging interview with Bloomberg Television on Friday, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent predicted the combination of the administration’s pro-growth trade policies, tax cut agenda and deregulation would soon lead to a pickup in activity. During the 2024 campaign, Trump promised to improve the lives of lower and middle income voters in communities left behind by globalization.
“I expect certainly by this time next year we will be north of three [percent growth], and that we will be turning the corner toward the end of the year,” Bessent said.
The only concern he said he had was that courts and Democratic legislators might throw sand into the works, preventing for example the accelerated permitting needed to literally power the ongoing boom in energy-hungry AI data centers with new utility projects.
During the first three months of this year, the U.S. economy shrank at an annualised rate of 0.3% as businesses stocked up on imports in advance of punitive tariffs levied by the Trump administration. Pessimism over the global outlook subsequently soared among CEOs polled in April by Fortune and Deloitte.
During the interview, Bessent spoke about a number of key economic issues the administration is currently pushing, such as the tax cut package Trump calls the “one big, beautiful bill”.
Reducing fiscal deficit remains challenging in near term
One key aspect of the bill that can accelerate growth is the ability of domestic manufactures to fully expense equipment rather than depreciate it over time, lowering their taxable income, Bessent said.
That, combined with savings from a planned cut in the cost of pharmaceuticals, would reduce the deficit as a percentage of the overall economy, he added.
“President Trump has made this very bold proposal on prescription drug pricing which could save HHS substantial amounts of money,” Bessent said.
Nonetheless, there are estimates from the Congressional Budget Office that the overall cost will push deficits higher by a cumulative $3.8 trillion. Bessent acknowledged next year’s budget deficit could well exceed his 3% of GDP target even in an optimistic scenario.
“We didn’t get here overnight, we’re not going to get there tomorrow,” he said. “What I’ve talked about is something with a three in front of it by 2028.”
Bessent optimistic on slew of new trade deals in next two weeks
The Treasury secretary has personal responsibility for leading trade talks held in conjunction with U.S. trade representative Jamie Grierson. After hitting pause on the so-called “reciprocal” tariffs—a misnomer since they are based on deficits rather than import duties levied on U.S. goods—the administration promised 90 deals in 90 days. So far there’s only been one reached with U.K. Prime Minister Keir Starmer that experts criticized as thin on specifics.
More are on their way, however, according to the Treasury secretary.
“We have 18 important trading partners, so what everyone should really focus on are those,” Bessent said. “We’ve done a deal with the U.K., my sense is over the couple of weeks we’re going to have several large deals announced.”
Germany to play a key role in Trump’s EU trade conflict
One exception to that, however, appears to be the European Union. The White House voiced its clear frustration with Brussels by unilaterally announcing that 50% tariffs would be levied on all imported goods early next month. That level surpasses the 20% Trump himself claimed would be fair and reciprocal, and comes well before the 90-day pause is over in early July. (After a phone call with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen on Sunday, Trump delayed that 50% tariff until June 9.)
A key actor in the conflict is Germany, a major exporter heavily reliant on access to the U.S. market. Relations between Trump and the government in Berlin traditionally have been very poor—a fact not helped by vice-president JD Vance scolding the state in February for shutting out the far-right nationalist AfD party.
Bessent struck an optimistic tone, however, praising his German counterpart after a meeting this week with new finance minister Lars Klingbeil at the G7 meeting in Canada.
“He was very responsive. I think that the new chancellor, Merz, is going to give an opportunity for a U.S.-Germany reset, so I’m very optimistic that perhaps Germany can help push the EU forward here,” he said.
Persistently high Treasury yields
Bessent pushed back against the notion that foreign investors are losing appetite for U.S. Treasuries, arguing the recent rise in the cost of borrowing is reflective of a broader trend impacting demand for government bonds affecting other countries, including Japan.
He argued the administration’s vocal support for digital assets could lift demand for U.S. sovereign debt, estimating $2 trillion in fresh demand from a growing stablecoin supply that use Treasuries as a reserve.
Further relief could come this summer, he said, when financial regulators at the Federal Reserve, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation are expected to approve changes to the so-called Supplementary Leverage Ratio. The SLR requires all lenders to hold a minimum 3% of their capital against their overall exposure irrespective of risk-profile, with systemically important institutes subject to a 5% rule.
“Banks are being penalized for holding Treasuries,” he said, arguing charges imposed to hold a risk-free asset like U.S. government bonds makes little sense.
Privatisation of U.S. mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
Trump recently pushed the idea of floating shares in the formerly government-sponsored agencies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The duo played a key role greasing the wheels of the U.S. housing market by guaranteeing roughly seven out of every 10 U.S. mortgage loans that banks extend to a homeowners, according to the National Association of Realtors. Weeks before Lehman Brothers collapsed, both were seized in September 2008 and nationalized to prevent further contagion.
Bessent said the administration would turn its attention to their partial privatization once its tax and trade agendas were achieved. He said a key prerequisite would be whether the government could phase out ownership in such a way as to prevent the spread between rates on mortgages over risk-free Treasuries from widening.
“There are several ways to do it and we are exploring it,” he said.