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電動(dòng)車(chē)銷(xiāo)量將持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)到2025年,中國(guó)將占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位

Lionel Lim
2024-12-25

明年全球電動(dòng)汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)將出現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng),這主要?dú)w功于中國(guó)。

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2024年12月17日,在中國(guó)重慶,行人走過(guò)特斯拉(Tesla)展廳。圖片來(lái)源:Cheng Xin—Getty Images

盡管市場(chǎng)普遍擔(dān)憂(yōu)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)泡沫破裂的情況,但今年這一擔(dān)憂(yōu)并未成真。今年以來(lái),各大汽車(chē)制造商紛紛縮減了電動(dòng)汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃,原因是客戶(hù)需求低迷。就連電池動(dòng)力汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者特斯拉也對(duì)其位于上海的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)工廠(chǎng)實(shí)施了減產(chǎn)措施,同時(shí)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)型電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的生產(chǎn)規(guī)劃保持緘默態(tài)度。

但是,在2024年即將結(jié)束之際,分析師們表示,全球電動(dòng)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量的下滑程度并不像人們擔(dān)心的那么嚴(yán)重。研究公司Rho Motion的汽車(chē)研究主管威爾·羅伯茨(Will Roberts)認(rèn)為,實(shí)際銷(xiāo)量可能僅比預(yù)測(cè)低1%。

根據(jù)Rho Motion的最新數(shù)據(jù),1月至11月期間全球共售出1520萬(wàn)輛電動(dòng)汽車(chē),其中超過(guò)一半(970萬(wàn))來(lái)自中國(guó)。

即使在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)遭受重創(chuàng)的情況下,汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)仍在增長(zhǎng)。麥格理(Macquarie)分析師尤金·肖(Eugene Hsiao)和弗格斯·關(guān)(Fergus Kwan)在最近發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告中指出,今年中國(guó)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量預(yù)計(jì)將實(shí)現(xiàn)5%的增長(zhǎng),遠(yuǎn)好于最初預(yù)測(cè)的下降2%。推動(dòng)銷(xiāo)量增長(zhǎng)的主要原因是對(duì)新能源汽車(chē)的需求,這類(lèi)汽車(chē)包括電池動(dòng)力汽車(chē)和插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)。

中國(guó)占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位

分析師預(yù)計(jì),明年全球電動(dòng)汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)將出現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng),這主要?dú)w功于中國(guó),原因是中國(guó)仍是全球最大、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)最激烈的汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)。

羅伯茨表示,2024年中國(guó)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量占全球銷(xiāo)量的64%,而且“到2025年,這一比例并沒(méi)有任何下降的跡象”。中國(guó)“明年新增的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量將是世界其他地區(qū)銷(xiāo)量總和的近兩倍?!?/p>

在為麥格理撰寫(xiě)的報(bào)告中,尤金·肖和弗格斯·關(guān)預(yù)測(cè),中國(guó)政府將以某種形式繼續(xù)實(shí)施“舊車(chē)置換補(bǔ)貼”計(jì)劃,旨在激勵(lì)中國(guó)消費(fèi)者以舊車(chē)換新車(chē)。

兩位分析師都警告稱(chēng),不要過(guò)分看重第一季度的銷(xiāo)量數(shù)據(jù),由于受到春節(jié)等法定節(jié)假日的影響,第一季度的銷(xiāo)售往往較為疲軟。

Rho Motion的羅伯茨對(duì)中國(guó)第一季度的銷(xiāo)售情況也持類(lèi)似看法。

羅伯茨說(shuō):“事實(shí)一再證明,第一季度的表現(xiàn)并不能預(yù)示中國(guó)未來(lái)一年的銷(xiāo)售情況?!?/p>

來(lái)自麥格理的尤金·肖和弗格斯·關(guān)還指出,中國(guó)補(bǔ)貼計(jì)劃的實(shí)質(zhì)性更新可能要到3月份之后才會(huì)揭曉,屆時(shí)中國(guó)將召開(kāi)全國(guó)規(guī)模最大的年度政治集會(huì)“兩會(huì)”。

插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)激增

今年,世界各地的汽車(chē)公司紛紛轉(zhuǎn)向混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē),以迎合因擔(dān)心續(xù)航里程有限和充電基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不完善而不愿轉(zhuǎn)向純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的消費(fèi)者。

2024年的中國(guó)也不例外,插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)推動(dòng)了銷(xiāo)量增長(zhǎng)。比亞迪(BYD)今年前11個(gè)月的插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量略低于220萬(wàn)輛,較上年同期增長(zhǎng)70%。

分析師預(yù)測(cè),明年插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)的銷(xiāo)量將繼續(xù)超過(guò)純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)。

羅伯茨預(yù)計(jì),插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)和增程式電動(dòng)車(chē)將在美國(guó)獲得更多市場(chǎng)份額,因?yàn)檫@些車(chē)型緩解了消費(fèi)者對(duì)續(xù)航里程不足的擔(dān)憂(yōu)。

臺(tái)達(dá)電子泰國(guó)公司(Delta Electronics Thailand)首席執(zhí)行官文森特·程(Vincent Cheng)在10月底接受《財(cái)富》雜志采訪(fǎng)時(shí)表示,相較于純電動(dòng)汽車(chē),汽車(chē)公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)向提供插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē),以此作為應(yīng)對(duì)續(xù)航里程焦慮和彌補(bǔ)銷(xiāo)售放緩的短期解決方案。該公司是泰國(guó)市值最高的公司,為歐洲和美國(guó)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)客戶(hù)生產(chǎn)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)。

長(zhǎng)期展望

中國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)品牌明年可能會(huì)繼續(xù)推進(jìn)其海外擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃。但這些制造商在北美、歐洲,甚至巴西和土耳其等新興市場(chǎng)面臨新關(guān)稅威脅。

這可能會(huì)促使中國(guó)汽車(chē)制造商將目光投向中東以及拉美其他地區(qū)相對(duì)友好的市場(chǎng)。中國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)品牌已經(jīng)開(kāi)始在泰國(guó)等擁有相當(dāng)規(guī)模汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)且政府與中國(guó)保持良好關(guān)系的國(guó)家投資建廠(chǎng)。

麥格理預(yù)計(jì),2024年中國(guó)汽車(chē)出口將實(shí)現(xiàn)29%的增長(zhǎng),但預(yù)計(jì)2025年增速將放緩。

然而,未來(lái)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)在中國(guó)汽車(chē)出口中所占的比重將持續(xù)增大,到2030年可能會(huì)從目前的30%上升到60%。

雖然文森特·程指出,今年電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的銷(xiāo)售增長(zhǎng)并不強(qiáng)勁,但他解釋說(shuō),該行業(yè)仍維持了一定的銷(xiāo)量水平。臺(tái)達(dá)電子泰國(guó)公司預(yù)計(jì),隨著各國(guó)政府致力于實(shí)現(xiàn)碳減排,未來(lái)十年電動(dòng)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量仍將增長(zhǎng)。

文森特·程表示:“為了實(shí)現(xiàn)減排增效,汽車(chē)必須進(jìn)行電氣化轉(zhuǎn)型?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

盡管市場(chǎng)普遍擔(dān)憂(yōu)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)泡沫破裂的情況,但今年這一擔(dān)憂(yōu)并未成真。今年以來(lái),各大汽車(chē)制造商紛紛縮減了電動(dòng)汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃,原因是客戶(hù)需求低迷。就連電池動(dòng)力汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者特斯拉也對(duì)其位于上海的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)工廠(chǎng)實(shí)施了減產(chǎn)措施,同時(shí)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)型電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的生產(chǎn)規(guī)劃保持緘默態(tài)度。

但是,在2024年即將結(jié)束之際,分析師們表示,全球電動(dòng)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量的下滑程度并不像人們擔(dān)心的那么嚴(yán)重。研究公司Rho Motion的汽車(chē)研究主管威爾·羅伯茨(Will Roberts)認(rèn)為,實(shí)際銷(xiāo)量可能僅比預(yù)測(cè)低1%。

根據(jù)Rho Motion的最新數(shù)據(jù),1月至11月期間全球共售出1520萬(wàn)輛電動(dòng)汽車(chē),其中超過(guò)一半(970萬(wàn))來(lái)自中國(guó)。

即使在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)遭受重創(chuàng)的情況下,汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)仍在增長(zhǎng)。麥格理(Macquarie)分析師尤金·肖(Eugene Hsiao)和弗格斯·關(guān)(Fergus Kwan)在最近發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告中指出,今年中國(guó)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量預(yù)計(jì)將實(shí)現(xiàn)5%的增長(zhǎng),遠(yuǎn)好于最初預(yù)測(cè)的下降2%。推動(dòng)銷(xiāo)量增長(zhǎng)的主要原因是對(duì)新能源汽車(chē)的需求,這類(lèi)汽車(chē)包括電池動(dòng)力汽車(chē)和插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)。

中國(guó)占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位

分析師預(yù)計(jì),明年全球電動(dòng)汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)將出現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng),這主要?dú)w功于中國(guó),原因是中國(guó)仍是全球最大、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)最激烈的汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)。

羅伯茨表示,2024年中國(guó)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量占全球銷(xiāo)量的64%,而且“到2025年,這一比例并沒(méi)有任何下降的跡象”。中國(guó)“明年新增的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量將是世界其他地區(qū)銷(xiāo)量總和的近兩倍。”

在為麥格理撰寫(xiě)的報(bào)告中,尤金·肖和弗格斯·關(guān)預(yù)測(cè),中國(guó)政府將以某種形式繼續(xù)實(shí)施“舊車(chē)置換補(bǔ)貼”計(jì)劃,旨在激勵(lì)中國(guó)消費(fèi)者以舊車(chē)換新車(chē)。

兩位分析師都警告稱(chēng),不要過(guò)分看重第一季度的銷(xiāo)量數(shù)據(jù),由于受到春節(jié)等法定節(jié)假日的影響,第一季度的銷(xiāo)售往往較為疲軟。

Rho Motion的羅伯茨對(duì)中國(guó)第一季度的銷(xiāo)售情況也持類(lèi)似看法。

羅伯茨說(shuō):“事實(shí)一再證明,第一季度的表現(xiàn)并不能預(yù)示中國(guó)未來(lái)一年的銷(xiāo)售情況?!?/p>

來(lái)自麥格理的尤金·肖和弗格斯·關(guān)還指出,中國(guó)補(bǔ)貼計(jì)劃的實(shí)質(zhì)性更新可能要到3月份之后才會(huì)揭曉,屆時(shí)中國(guó)將召開(kāi)全國(guó)規(guī)模最大的年度政治集會(huì)“兩會(huì)”。

插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)激增

今年,世界各地的汽車(chē)公司紛紛轉(zhuǎn)向混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē),以迎合因擔(dān)心續(xù)航里程有限和充電基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不完善而不愿轉(zhuǎn)向純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的消費(fèi)者。

2024年的中國(guó)也不例外,插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)推動(dòng)了銷(xiāo)量增長(zhǎng)。比亞迪(BYD)今年前11個(gè)月的插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量略低于220萬(wàn)輛,較上年同期增長(zhǎng)70%。

分析師預(yù)測(cè),明年插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)的銷(xiāo)量將繼續(xù)超過(guò)純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)。

羅伯茨預(yù)計(jì),插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)和增程式電動(dòng)車(chē)將在美國(guó)獲得更多市場(chǎng)份額,因?yàn)檫@些車(chē)型緩解了消費(fèi)者對(duì)續(xù)航里程不足的擔(dān)憂(yōu)。

臺(tái)達(dá)電子泰國(guó)公司(Delta Electronics Thailand)首席執(zhí)行官文森特·程(Vincent Cheng)在10月底接受《財(cái)富》雜志采訪(fǎng)時(shí)表示,相較于純電動(dòng)汽車(chē),汽車(chē)公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)向提供插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē),以此作為應(yīng)對(duì)續(xù)航里程焦慮和彌補(bǔ)銷(xiāo)售放緩的短期解決方案。該公司是泰國(guó)市值最高的公司,為歐洲和美國(guó)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)客戶(hù)生產(chǎn)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)。

長(zhǎng)期展望

中國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)品牌明年可能會(huì)繼續(xù)推進(jìn)其海外擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃。但這些制造商在北美、歐洲,甚至巴西和土耳其等新興市場(chǎng)面臨新關(guān)稅威脅。

這可能會(huì)促使中國(guó)汽車(chē)制造商將目光投向中東以及拉美其他地區(qū)相對(duì)友好的市場(chǎng)。中國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)品牌已經(jīng)開(kāi)始在泰國(guó)等擁有相當(dāng)規(guī)模汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)且政府與中國(guó)保持良好關(guān)系的國(guó)家投資建廠(chǎng)。

麥格理預(yù)計(jì),2024年中國(guó)汽車(chē)出口將實(shí)現(xiàn)29%的增長(zhǎng),但預(yù)計(jì)2025年增速將放緩。

然而,未來(lái)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)在中國(guó)汽車(chē)出口中所占的比重將持續(xù)增大,到2030年可能會(huì)從目前的30%上升到60%。

雖然文森特·程指出,今年電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的銷(xiāo)售增長(zhǎng)并不強(qiáng)勁,但他解釋說(shuō),該行業(yè)仍維持了一定的銷(xiāo)量水平。臺(tái)達(dá)電子泰國(guó)公司預(yù)計(jì),隨著各國(guó)政府致力于實(shí)現(xiàn)碳減排,未來(lái)十年電動(dòng)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量仍將增長(zhǎng)。

文森特·程表示:“為了實(shí)現(xiàn)減排增效,汽車(chē)必須進(jìn)行電氣化轉(zhuǎn)型。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

The EV bust, despite fears, didn’t happen this year. Throughout the year, automakers scaled back their EV plans, blaming lackluster customer demand. Even Tesla, the market leader in battery electric vehicles, cut production at its EV plant in Shanghai, while keeping quiet on plans to produce an affordable EV.

But as 2024 comes to a close, analysts say global EV sales didn’t fall as much as feared. Sales will likely fall short of forecasts by just 1%, according to Will Roberts, head of automotive research at Rho Motion, a research firm.

According to Rho Motion’s latest data, 15.2 million EVs were sold between January and November. Over half of those—9.7 million—came from China.

Even in China’s battered economy, the car market is growing. According to a recent report from Macquarie analysts Eugene Hsiao and Fergus Kwan, Chinese auto sales by volume are expected to grow by 5% this year, much better than the initial forecast of a 2% decline. Much of that sales growth is due to demand for new energy vehicles, a category that includes battery-powered vehicles and plug-in hybrids.

China in the driver’s seat

Analysts anticipate that the EV market will grow across the world next year, mostly thanks to China, still the world’s largest and most competitive auto market.

China made up 64% of EV sales in 2024, and shows “no signs of losing ground on this metric in 2025,” Roberts says. China “will add nearly twice as many EV sales next year as the rest of the world combined.”

In their report for Macquarie, Hsiao and Kwan predicted that Beijing will maintain its “cash for clunkers” subsidy program, which encourages Chinese consumers to trade in their older cars for a new model, in some form.

Both warn against putting too much stock in first-quarter sales, which will likely be weak due to national holidays like Lunar New Year.

Roberts from Rho Motion holds a similar view for first-quarter sales in China.

“Time and again, it has been proved that Q1 is not an indication of the year ahead in China,” Roberts said.

Hsiao and Kwan from Macquarie also note that substantial updates to China’s subsidy program may only come after March, when the country hosts the “Two Sessions,” the country’s largest annual political gathering.

Plug-in hybrids surge

Car companies around the world turned towards hybrids this year, catering to consumers worried about making the switch to a battery powered vehicle due to concerns over range and a lack of charging infrastructure.

China was no exception in 2024, where plug-in hybrids drove sales. BYD sold just under 2.2 million plug-in hybrids in the first 11 months of the year, a 70% increase from the same period the year before.

Analysts predict that plug-in hybrid sales will continue to outperform battery electric vehicle sales next year.

Roberts expects plug-in hybrids and extended range electric to gain ground in the U.S., as they assuage consumer concerns over range.

Auto companies are already switching to offering plug-in hybrids compared to battery electric vehicles as a short-term way to address range anxiety and make up for a slowdown in sales, said Vincent Cheng, CEO of Delta Electronics Thailand, in an interview with Fortune in late-October. The company, Thailand’s most valuable firm by market value, manufactures powertrains for European and U.S. clients in the EV market.

The long-term view

Chinese EV brands will likely continue their overseas expansion next year. But manufacturers face new tariff threats in North America, Europe, and even some emerging markets like Brazil and Turkey.

That could shift Chinese automakers to relatively friendlier markets in the Middle East and elsewhere in Latin America. Chinese EV brands are already investing in manufacturing facilities in countries like Thailand, which have sizeable auto markets and governments with better relations with Beijing.

Macquarie expects Chinese car exports to grow by 29% in 2024, but predicts that the rate of growth will slow in 2025.

Yet EVs will make up a growing share of China’s auto exports going forward–potentially as much as 60% by 2030, up from 30% today.

While Cheng notes that EV sales growth was less robust this year, he explains that the sector has still maintained sales volume. Delta Electronics Thailand still projects growth in EV sales over the coming decade as governments try to cut carbon emissions.

“Cars, to reduce emissions and be more efficient, need to be electrified,” Cheng says.

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