国产一精品一AV一免费,亚洲成AV人片不卡无码,AV永久天堂一区二区三区,国产激情久久久久影院

首頁(yè) 500強(qiáng) 活動(dòng) 榜單 商業(yè) 科技 商潮 專題 品牌中心
雜志訂閱

污染世家:富家子弟正在加劇氣候變化

Jane Thier
2023-05-14

信托基金繼承人應(yīng)該為空氣污染負(fù)責(zé)。

文本設(shè)置
小號(hào)
默認(rèn)
大號(hào)
Plus(0條)

圖片來(lái)源:GETTY IMAGES

難怪超級(jí)富豪們不愿意“停下來(lái)聞聞玫瑰花香”:因?yàn)樘炜栈\罩在霧霾之中。

左傾的政策研究所(Institute for Policy Studies)和經(jīng)常督促政府對(duì)其加稅的愛國(guó)百萬(wàn)富翁協(xié)會(huì)(Patriotic Millionaires)的一份新報(bào)告顯示,自新冠疫情開始以來(lái),私人飛機(jī)的使用量飆升了20%,由此產(chǎn)生的排放量躍升了23%以上。私人飛機(jī)上經(jīng)常看到的身影包括:世襲富豪,他們從代代相傳的財(cái)富中受益(往往是通過信托)。想想《繼承之戰(zhàn)》(Succession)的氛圍。

該報(bào)告稱,在全球“極富有”的私人飛機(jī)所有者中,超過四分之一(26%)的人的財(cái)富完全或部分來(lái)自繼承。報(bào)告參考了Wealth-X有關(guān)飛機(jī)所有者相對(duì)凈資產(chǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)、美國(guó)聯(lián)邦航空管理局(Federal Aviation Administration)的用戶數(shù)據(jù),以及公開信息。這份報(bào)告的作者之一卡萊娜·托馬海弗迅速創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)形容信托基金繼承人對(duì)天空造成的禍害:“繼承人污染”。

許多家族王朝的大多數(shù)出行都依賴私人飛機(jī);報(bào)告引用了梅隆家族的例子,該家族最初的財(cái)富積累源于1869年梅隆銀行(Mellon Bank)的創(chuàng)立。

但眾所周知,從環(huán)保的角度來(lái)看,乘坐私人飛機(jī)是最糟糕的一件事情。這份報(bào)告指出,私人飛機(jī)每名乘客平均排放的污染量至少是商用飛機(jī)的10倍,據(jù)估計(jì),全球1%的人的航空碳排量約占航空碳排放總量的一半。

但這對(duì)最富有的人來(lái)說(shuō)似乎無(wú)關(guān)緊要?!俺?jí)富豪認(rèn)為他們的時(shí)間極其寶貴……由此產(chǎn)生的大量碳排放并不一定會(huì)影響到他們?!蓖旭R海弗和政策研究所報(bào)告的另一位作者奧馬爾·奧坎波對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示。

但現(xiàn)實(shí)是,大多數(shù)情況下,乘坐私人飛機(jī)只是超級(jí)富豪污染地球的多種方式之一。根據(jù)樂施會(huì)(Oxfam)2022年的一項(xiàng)研究,最富有的人平均每年排放的二氧化碳是其余90%的人口的100多萬(wàn)倍。樂施會(huì)還發(fā)現(xiàn),富人們還傾向于投資于排放量更多的公司。每年,因?yàn)閮|萬(wàn)富翁投資而產(chǎn)生的碳排量相當(dāng)于整個(gè)法國(guó)的碳排量。

信托基金繼承人乘坐私人飛機(jī)的稅收負(fù)擔(dān)較低

私人飛機(jī)在世襲富豪中隨處可見,這“說(shuō)明了我們當(dāng)前制度的不公平:當(dāng)富人投入資源保護(hù)自己的財(cái)富和遺產(chǎn)不受稅收影響時(shí),家族財(cái)富王朝就形成了?!蓖旭R海弗和奧坎波說(shuō)。“這導(dǎo)致超級(jí)富豪的納稅義務(wù)減少,卻給我們其他人帶來(lái)了更沉重的稅收負(fù)擔(dān)?!?/p>

研究人員表示,由于大量私人飛機(jī)所有者對(duì)累進(jìn)稅的抨擊,2017年的稅收改革中通過了一項(xiàng)條款,使他們得以立即沖銷整架私人飛機(jī)的全部成本。雖然這一條款將于2027年到期,但它“再次體現(xiàn)了不平等造成的環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)成本”。

該報(bào)告主張對(duì)所有二手私人飛機(jī)征收10%的銷售稅,對(duì)新飛機(jī)征收5%的稅,這將在2022年產(chǎn)生22億美元的收入。這份報(bào)告還提出其他幾項(xiàng)改革建議,比如對(duì)私人飛機(jī)燃料征稅,對(duì)“短得離譜的航班”征稅。

甚至一些憑借代際財(cái)富加入百萬(wàn)富翁俱樂部的富豪也認(rèn)同相關(guān)觀點(diǎn)。華特·迪士尼的侄女、愛國(guó)百萬(wàn)富翁協(xié)會(huì)的成員阿比蓋爾·迪士尼曾經(jīng)將私人飛機(jī)稱為“癌癥”,表示自己有時(shí)會(huì)乘坐商務(wù)艙。

作為一名慈善家,迪士尼一直在努力回避繼承的巨額財(cái)富所帶來(lái)的陷阱,她說(shuō)她理解一些非常富有的人出于隱私和安全考慮乘坐私人飛機(jī)。但她表示,他們也可以乘坐商業(yè)航班的商務(wù)艙:“我看不出這有什么難的?!?/p>

這并非她第一次表達(dá)類似觀點(diǎn)。在2019年的一次采訪中,迪士尼稱,自21歲以來(lái),她已經(jīng)捐贈(zèng)了大約7,000萬(wàn)美元的個(gè)人財(cái)富,她會(huì)支持禁止私人飛機(jī)的法律,“因?yàn)樗鼈兡軌蜃屇惚荛_某些現(xiàn)實(shí)?!?/p>

雖然乘坐經(jīng)濟(jì)艙對(duì)地球來(lái)說(shuō)比坐頭等艙要好得多——后者的排放量是前者的7倍——但這對(duì)迪士尼而言還不夠。今年1月,她在推特(Twitter)上說(shuō),她將減少所有的航空旅行?!皬默F(xiàn)在開始,我將用個(gè)人成本/社會(huì)效益的尺度來(lái)衡量我的每一次旅程?!?/p>

不過其他富豪短期內(nèi)不太可能效仿迪士尼的做法。根據(jù)政策研究所的報(bào)告,私人飛機(jī)行業(yè)正在打破行業(yè)紀(jì)錄:自2000年以來(lái),全球機(jī)隊(duì)規(guī)模增長(zhǎng)了133%。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Agatha

難怪超級(jí)富豪們不愿意“停下來(lái)聞聞玫瑰花香”:因?yàn)樘炜栈\罩在霧霾之中。

左傾的政策研究所(Institute for Policy Studies)和經(jīng)常督促政府對(duì)其加稅的愛國(guó)百萬(wàn)富翁協(xié)會(huì)(Patriotic Millionaires)的一份新報(bào)告顯示,自新冠疫情開始以來(lái),私人飛機(jī)的使用量飆升了20%,由此產(chǎn)生的排放量躍升了23%以上。私人飛機(jī)上經(jīng)常看到的身影包括:世襲富豪,他們從代代相傳的財(cái)富中受益(往往是通過信托)。想想《繼承之戰(zhàn)》(Succession)的氛圍。

該報(bào)告稱,在全球“極富有”的私人飛機(jī)所有者中,超過四分之一(26%)的人的財(cái)富完全或部分來(lái)自繼承。報(bào)告參考了Wealth-X有關(guān)飛機(jī)所有者相對(duì)凈資產(chǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)、美國(guó)聯(lián)邦航空管理局(Federal Aviation Administration)的用戶數(shù)據(jù),以及公開信息。這份報(bào)告的作者之一卡萊娜·托馬海弗迅速創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)形容信托基金繼承人對(duì)天空造成的禍害:“繼承人污染”。

許多家族王朝的大多數(shù)出行都依賴私人飛機(jī);報(bào)告引用了梅隆家族的例子,該家族最初的財(cái)富積累源于1869年梅隆銀行(Mellon Bank)的創(chuàng)立。

但眾所周知,從環(huán)保的角度來(lái)看,乘坐私人飛機(jī)是最糟糕的一件事情。這份報(bào)告指出,私人飛機(jī)每名乘客平均排放的污染量至少是商用飛機(jī)的10倍,據(jù)估計(jì),全球1%的人的航空碳排量約占航空碳排放總量的一半。

但這對(duì)最富有的人來(lái)說(shuō)似乎無(wú)關(guān)緊要?!俺?jí)富豪認(rèn)為他們的時(shí)間極其寶貴……由此產(chǎn)生的大量碳排放并不一定會(huì)影響到他們?!蓖旭R海弗和政策研究所報(bào)告的另一位作者奧馬爾·奧坎波對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示。

但現(xiàn)實(shí)是,大多數(shù)情況下,乘坐私人飛機(jī)只是超級(jí)富豪污染地球的多種方式之一。根據(jù)樂施會(huì)(Oxfam)2022年的一項(xiàng)研究,最富有的人平均每年排放的二氧化碳是其余90%的人口的100多萬(wàn)倍。樂施會(huì)還發(fā)現(xiàn),富人們還傾向于投資于排放量更多的公司。每年,因?yàn)閮|萬(wàn)富翁投資而產(chǎn)生的碳排量相當(dāng)于整個(gè)法國(guó)的碳排量。

信托基金繼承人乘坐私人飛機(jī)的稅收負(fù)擔(dān)較低

私人飛機(jī)在世襲富豪中隨處可見,這“說(shuō)明了我們當(dāng)前制度的不公平:當(dāng)富人投入資源保護(hù)自己的財(cái)富和遺產(chǎn)不受稅收影響時(shí),家族財(cái)富王朝就形成了?!蓖旭R海弗和奧坎波說(shuō)。“這導(dǎo)致超級(jí)富豪的納稅義務(wù)減少,卻給我們其他人帶來(lái)了更沉重的稅收負(fù)擔(dān)。”

研究人員表示,由于大量私人飛機(jī)所有者對(duì)累進(jìn)稅的抨擊,2017年的稅收改革中通過了一項(xiàng)條款,使他們得以立即沖銷整架私人飛機(jī)的全部成本。雖然這一條款將于2027年到期,但它“再次體現(xiàn)了不平等造成的環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)成本”。

該報(bào)告主張對(duì)所有二手私人飛機(jī)征收10%的銷售稅,對(duì)新飛機(jī)征收5%的稅,這將在2022年產(chǎn)生22億美元的收入。這份報(bào)告還提出其他幾項(xiàng)改革建議,比如對(duì)私人飛機(jī)燃料征稅,對(duì)“短得離譜的航班”征稅。

甚至一些憑借代際財(cái)富加入百萬(wàn)富翁俱樂部的富豪也認(rèn)同相關(guān)觀點(diǎn)。華特·迪士尼的侄女、愛國(guó)百萬(wàn)富翁協(xié)會(huì)的成員阿比蓋爾·迪士尼曾經(jīng)將私人飛機(jī)稱為“癌癥”,表示自己有時(shí)會(huì)乘坐商務(wù)艙。

作為一名慈善家,迪士尼一直在努力回避繼承的巨額財(cái)富所帶來(lái)的陷阱,她說(shuō)她理解一些非常富有的人出于隱私和安全考慮乘坐私人飛機(jī)。但她表示,他們也可以乘坐商業(yè)航班的商務(wù)艙:“我看不出這有什么難的?!?/p>

這并非她第一次表達(dá)類似觀點(diǎn)。在2019年的一次采訪中,迪士尼稱,自21歲以來(lái),她已經(jīng)捐贈(zèng)了大約7,000萬(wàn)美元的個(gè)人財(cái)富,她會(huì)支持禁止私人飛機(jī)的法律,“因?yàn)樗鼈兡軌蜃屇惚荛_某些現(xiàn)實(shí)?!?/p>

雖然乘坐經(jīng)濟(jì)艙對(duì)地球來(lái)說(shuō)比坐頭等艙要好得多——后者的排放量是前者的7倍——但這對(duì)迪士尼而言還不夠。今年1月,她在推特(Twitter)上說(shuō),她將減少所有的航空旅行?!皬默F(xiàn)在開始,我將用個(gè)人成本/社會(huì)效益的尺度來(lái)衡量我的每一次旅程。”

不過其他富豪短期內(nèi)不太可能效仿迪士尼的做法。根據(jù)政策研究所的報(bào)告,私人飛機(jī)行業(yè)正在打破行業(yè)紀(jì)錄:自2000年以來(lái),全球機(jī)隊(duì)規(guī)模增長(zhǎng)了133%。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Agatha

No wonder the super-rich don’t tend to stop and smell the roses: The sky is blanketed in smog.

Private jet usage has skyrocketed 20% since the start of the pandemic, and the resulting emissions have jumped over 23%, according to a?new report from the left-leaning Institute for Policy Studies (IPS) and the Patriotic Millionaires, who regularly urge the government to raises taxes on them. Often on board: the dynastically wealthy, who benefit from money passed down from one generation to the next, usually through a trust. Think major Succession vibes.

Over a quarter—26%—of the world’s “extremely wealthy” private jet owners either completely or partly inherited their wealth, according to the report, which looked at Wealth-X data regarding the relative net worths of jet owners and Federal Aviation Administration user data, as well as public information. With a wink, Kalena Thomhave, one of the report’s authors, coined a term for the scourge of trust funders in the skies: “heir pollution.”

Many family dynasties rely on private jets for much of their travel; the report references the Mellon family, whose original wealth stems from the founding of Mellon Bank in 1869, as an example.

But flying private is well-known to be just about the worst thing you can do from an environmental standpoint. Private jets emit at least 10 times more pollutants than commercial planes per passenger, per the report, and an estimated 1% of people are responsible for about half of all aviation carbon emissions.

That doesn’t seem to matter to the very wealthiest people. “The ultrarich consider their time to be at a premium […] and the consequential emissions, which are vast, don’t necessarily affect them,” Thomhave and fellow IPS report author Omar Ocampo tell Fortune.

But the reality is that, most often, flying private is just one of the manifold ways ultrarich people pollute the planet. Per a?2022 Oxfam study, the richest of the rich emit, on average, over 1 million times the carbon dioxide each year as 90% of the population. They also tend to invest in companies that produce more emissions, Oxfam found. Every year, the scale of emissions stemming from billionaires’ investments equaled the entirety of carbon emissions from France.

Trust fund babies benefit from lower tax burdens when flying

That private jets come a dime a dozen among the dynastically wealthy “illustrates the unfairness of our current system: Family wealth dynasties form when the rich devote their resources to protecting their wealth and inheritances from taxation,” say Thomhave and Ocampo. “This has resulted in fewer tax obligations for the ultrawealthy, but it results in a heavier tax burden for the rest of us.”

Thanks to many jet owners’ attacks on progressive taxation, a provision was passed in the 2017 tax reform that allowed them to immediately write off the entire cost of a private jet, the researchers said. While that specific provision is set to expire in 2027, it’s “merely a further example of the environmental and economic costs of inequality.”

The report argues for a 10% sales tax on all pre-owned private jets and a 5% tax on new ones, which would have generated $2.2 billion in revenue in 2022. It also advocates for several other reforms, such as levying a tax on private jet fuel and a tax on “ridiculously short flights.”

Even millionaires who come from generational wealth are on board. Abigail Disney, nephew of Walt and a member of the Patriotic Millionaires, once?called private jets a “cancer” and says she sometimes flies business class.

Disney, a philanthropist who has long eschewed the vast trappings of her inherited fortune,?said she understood that some very wealthy people fly private due to privacy and safety concerns. But she said they could fly business class on commercial flights just as well: “I fail to see what is so hard about that.”

This is hardly a new position of hers. In a?2019 interview, Disney said she’s donated approximately $70 million of her personal wealth since turning 21, and that she would support a law banning private jets, “because they enable you to get around a certain reality.”

While flying economy is significantly better for the earth than even flying first class—the latter generates?seven times the emissions of the former—that’s not enough for Disney. This year, she tweeted in January, she’ll cut back on all air travel. “I’m weighing every trip against my personal cost/social benefit measure, from here on out.”

It’s unlikely that Disney’s peers will follow suit anytime soon. Per the IPS report, the private jet sector is smashing industry records: The size of the global fleet has grown 133% since 2000.

財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)所刊載內(nèi)容之知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)為財(cái)富媒體知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)有限公司及/或相關(guān)權(quán)利人專屬所有或持有。未經(jīng)許可,禁止進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)載、摘編、復(fù)制及建立鏡像等任何使用。
0條Plus
精彩評(píng)論
評(píng)論

撰寫或查看更多評(píng)論

請(qǐng)打開財(cái)富Plus APP

前往打開
熱讀文章
江阴市| 腾冲县| 新营市| 将乐县| 洪湖市| 泗洪县| 广州市| 台北市| 大同市| 陇西县| 长沙市| 南阳市| 专栏| 平阴县| 濮阳市| 合肥市| 翁牛特旗| 凤城市| 雷波县| 会同县| 武鸣县| 延边| 饶阳县| 湟中县| 江口县| 兴和县| 巢湖市| 定州市| 渭南市| 明溪县| 黎城县| 万年县| 康定县| 温泉县| 陆川县| 慈利县| 巫山县| 资兴市| 衡阳市| 白沙| 南开区|