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夢(mèng)的不幸之處在于，我們做的大多數(shù)夢(mèng)——或者至少那些我們記得的——通常都是噩夢(mèng)。

凱利·巴克利是一位夢(mèng)境研究員，也是《夢(mèng)境心理學(xué)入門》（An Introduction to the Psychology of Dreaming）一書的作者。他認(rèn)為，目前的證據(jù)表明我們做的大多數(shù)夢(mèng)具有負(fù)面情緒。比如你夢(mèng)到掉下懸崖，夢(mèng)到被大老板追趕，夢(mèng)到上飛機(jī)之前發(fā)現(xiàn)把鑰匙弄丟了。

巴克利告誡人們不要不在意或者試圖忘掉自己做過的夢(mèng)。“有些夢(mèng)讓我們不愉快，但研究它們是有價(jià)值而且重要的，因?yàn)閴毫χ畨?mèng)往往反射出我們?cè)谌臻g的擔(dān)憂——甚至是我們不愿意直面的擔(dān)憂，”他說。

為了了解我們那些不愉快的夢(mèng)境到底透露了什么信息，“商業(yè)內(nèi)幕”欄目（Business Insider）邀請(qǐng)到巴克利和邁克爾·勒諾克斯——后者是一位夢(mèng)境解析專家和心理學(xué)家，也是《勒維林關(guān)于夢(mèng)的小書》的作者，來幫助我們破譯一些最常見的夢(mèng)境。跟隨下文來發(fā)現(xiàn)那些不斷重復(fù)的噩夢(mèng)意味著什么吧。

夢(mèng)到試圖逃跑卻被抓住

勒諾克斯把這類夢(mèng)稱作“壓力之夢(mèng)基本款”。他說這種夢(mèng)“表達(dá)了常見的恐懼和焦慮”，而每個(gè)人所恐懼的對(duì)象各不相同。

“做這類夢(mèng)的人很可能在生活中有著泛泛而言的恐懼感，而并不意味著有什么疾病，”勒諾克斯補(bǔ)充說。

巴克利則說，他會(huì)問做這種夢(mèng)的人，生活中是否有讓他們覺得無處可逃的事情。也許做夢(mèng)者在某個(gè)沖突中覺得處于弱勢(shì)地位或者受到了傷害。夢(mèng)境通常以“戲劇化的比喻”來體現(xiàn)難以言說的情感，他說。

夢(mèng)到自己赤身裸體

勒諾克斯說，夢(mèng)到自己赤身裸體“完美地象征性表達(dá)了”類似于工作失誤的感受（也被稱為不稱職綜合征）。

很多人私下曾經(jīng)害怕其他人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己并不精通工作。勒諾克斯說，在工作時(shí)赤裸身體也許意味著，“我會(huì)被別人看出來自己到底有幾斤幾兩，這很可怕?！?

夢(mèng)到考試卻沒做好準(zhǔn)備

人們常常夢(mèng)到回到高中或大學(xué)參加考試，卻沒做好準(zhǔn)備——盡管他們?cè)缫旬厴I(yè)。勒諾克斯說這通常是由于工作中的焦慮所致。

高中和大學(xué)是“我們最初懂得責(zé)任的地方。”當(dāng)我們?cè)谏钪懈惺艿筋愃频膲毫r(shí)，這種夢(mèng)可能會(huì)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。

夢(mèng)到無法順利從大學(xué)畢業(yè)

夢(mèng)到無法順利從大學(xué)畢業(yè)，意味著害怕停滯不前，特別是在工作中沒有進(jìn)步。

勒諾克斯說，“這種夢(mèng)反映的潛意識(shí)是，別人已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了，而我們自己還沒準(zhǔn)備就緒，我們會(huì)被別人超過?！?

夢(mèng)到自己的牙齒掉了

“掉牙反映出一種不安全的潛意識(shí)，” 勒諾克斯說。

牙齒有好幾種功能——當(dāng)我們吃飯、笑或者對(duì)別人咆哮時(shí)需要用到牙齒。掉牙“意味著害怕可能無法進(jìn)食或者照顧好自己，無法感到被愛、被保護(hù)，”勒諾克斯說。

還有別的意思嗎？由于牙齒長(zhǎng)在嘴里，勒諾克斯說可能在“真實(shí)，發(fā)聲，自我表達(dá)”得不到滿足時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的夢(mèng)。

夢(mèng)到摔落

在充滿巨大不確定性時(shí)，當(dāng)你“覺得好像沒有足夠的支持”時(shí)，這種夢(mèng)常常出現(xiàn)，也許生活中有些事或有些人曾經(jīng)是你的巨大支撐，而現(xiàn)在不那么給力了，巴克利說。

就工作焦慮來說，勒諾克斯表示夢(mèng)到摔落也許體現(xiàn)的是工作中缺少權(quán)威。

“如果你夢(mèng)到摔落，想想你的工作環(huán)境，很可能你在試圖施加一些控制力卻遇到困難。”

夢(mèng)到愛的人去世

“死亡是代表改變的一個(gè)重要符號(hào)”，勒諾克斯說。

如果夢(mèng)到有人在你懷里死去，可能意味著你和那個(gè)人的關(guān)系正在改變或者往前發(fā)展。這種變化不一定是壞的，但是重復(fù)出現(xiàn)關(guān)于死亡的夢(mèng)境可能說明這種改變可能不太妙。

夢(mèng)到忘了帶什么東西

勒諾克斯說，這種夢(mèng)本質(zhì)上體現(xiàn)的是沒準(zhǔn)備就緒的潛意識(shí)?！爱?dāng)我們沒準(zhǔn)備好時(shí)，就不能適當(dāng)?shù)靥幚韷毫??！?

這種夢(mèng)也可能代表生活中有些東西不在我們控制之內(nèi)。

有趣的是，勒諾克斯說夢(mèng)境通常比現(xiàn)實(shí)中發(fā)生的事更加夸大。比方說，夢(mèng)到在商務(wù)會(huì)議上突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己忘了帶筆記本電腦，這比你在現(xiàn)實(shí)中被日常工作壓得喘不過氣更糟糕。

夢(mèng)到誤了飛機(jī)

當(dāng)你在夢(mèng)中誤了飛機(jī)，可能是因?yàn)樵诂F(xiàn)實(shí)中害怕錯(cuò)過了截止日期。

“在工作情境下，截止日期常常是一個(gè)重要的壓力來源，”勒諾克斯說。

勒諾克斯表示，夢(mèng)里的每件事都是一個(gè)危機(jī)。晚了一個(gè)小時(shí)交付項(xiàng)目報(bào)告，相比晚了一個(gè)小時(shí)而錯(cuò)過國際航班，兩者的嚴(yán)重程度并不相同。

夢(mèng)到忘記照顧嬰兒或者寵物

夢(mèng)中出現(xiàn)的嬰兒代表著新的機(jī)遇，勒諾克斯說。如果你夢(mèng)到忘了照顧嬰兒，可能實(shí)際上是擔(dān)心你想寫的博客文章或者想開始培養(yǎng)的某種興趣愛好還沒有啟動(dòng)。本質(zhì)上來說，你忽視了生活中需要引起注意的某件事情。

寵物代表歡樂和愛。勒諾克斯說夢(mèng)到遺棄寵物可能是因?yàn)椤盀榱俗鲆恍╅_心或者有趣的事而壓力太大，”而且可能是“我錯(cuò)過了生活中那些真正值得花精力去做的事情?！?

夢(mèng)到開車

巴克利說夢(mèng)里出現(xiàn)汽車和開車是有很多含義的，但通常意味著我們與其他人的關(guān)系。

如果你夢(mèng)到超速駕駛，可能是感到對(duì)某種關(guān)系無法掌控。而如果你夢(mèng)到交通堵塞，你可能是感到某種關(guān)系或者生活中的某件事懸而未決。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

本文最初發(fā)表于BusinessInsider.com.

譯者：珠珠

The unfortunate thing about dreams is that most of them — or at least the ones we remember — are bad.

According to Kelly Bulkeley, a dream researcher and the author of “An Introduction to the Psychology of Dreaming,” current evidence suggests the majority of our dreams are characterized by negative emotions — not positive ones. You fall off a cliff; you’re being chased by your boss; you lose your keys before a plane flight.

But Bulkeley urges people not to dismiss their dreams or try to forget them. “Even though they might be unpleasant,” he said, “they can be valuable and important.” That’s because stressful dreams often provide insight into the concerns we have in our waking life — concerns we might not want or be able to acknowledge.

To learn more about what our unpleasant dreams might be telling us, Business Insider asked Bulkeley and Michael Lennox, a psychologist, an expert in dream interpretation, and the author of “Llewellyn’s Little Book of Dreams,” to help decipher some of the most common themes. Read on to find out what your recurring stress dreams really mean.

Trying and failing to run away

Lennox calls this scenario “stress dream 101.” He said this dream is an “expression of generalized fear and anxiety” — though the specific object of fear will vary from person to person.

“I would say that the person who’s having the dream probably has a greater generalized fear response to life than someone who doesn’t have that dream,” Lennox added. “Although it doesn’t make the person pathologically challenged.”

Bulkeley said he would ask the dreamer in this situation if anything in their life feels inescapable. Maybe the person is feeling weak or vulnerable in a conflict. Dreams often use “dramatic metaphors” for emotions that are hard to verbalize, he said.

Being naked

Lennox said dreaming about being naked is a “perfect symbolic expression” of feeling like a fraud at work (also known as impostor syndrome).

Many people privately experience the fear that other people will find out that they don’t really know what they’re doing. Being naked at work could mean, Lennox says, that “I will be seen for who I really am. And that will be terrifying.”

Being unprepared for an exam

People commonly dream of being unprepared for a test in high school or college – even if they graduated years ago. And Lennox said it’s often triggered by performance anxiety at work.

High school and college “are the first places where we learn about responsibility and accountability. [The dream] will often recur when we’re faced with the same sense of pressure in our current waking life.”

Being unable to graduate college

Dreams about being unable to graduate translate to fears about not being ready to advance, particularly at work.

Lennox said, “The dream would be processing fears that someone else is ready and we’re not, that we’re going to be somehow passed over.”

Watching your teeth fall out

“Losing teeth is akin to insecurity,” Lennox said.

Teeth have a few functions — they allow us to eat, but they also let us smile or snarl at other people. To lose your teeth “would be to not be able to feed and take care of yourself, feel loved, and be protected,” Lennox said.

Another potential meaning? Because teeth are in the mouth, Lennox said this dream might come up when “being authentic, speaking up, or having a voice” feel challenging.

Falling

This dream often occurs, Bulkeley said, around times of great uncertainty, when you “feel like you don’t have adequate support or backing.” Maybe something or someone in your life that was once your rock is now less stable.

In terms of work anxieties, Lennox said a dream of falling could reflect a lack of authority in the workplace.

“If you’re dreaming of falling, look to the places in your work life where you feel like you’re trying to exert some control that’s unattainable.”

Seeing your loved ones die

“Death is a great symbol of change,” Lennox said.

When someone dies in your dream, it might indicate that something about your relationship with that person is changing or growing. That change isn’t necessarily negative, but a recurring dream about death might suggest that something about the transformation is scary.

Forgetting to pack something

Lennox said this dream is fundamentally about feeling unprepared. “When we’re unprepared, then we can’t navigate a stressful situation effectively.”

The dream might also represent a feeling of being out of control.

Interestingly, Lennox said dream scenarios are typically much higher-stakes than anything that happens in real life. For example, showing up to a business meeting and realizing you forgot to pack your laptop is arguably worse than feeling generally overwhelmed by the day-to-day demands in your life.

Missing a plane flight

When you miss a flight in your dream, you’re probably playing out a fear of missing a deadline in real life.

“In the world of working, there’s nothing like a deadline as a supreme stressor,” Lennox said.

Again, Lennox said everything is a crisis in dream world. Turning in a project report an hour late probably doesn’t have the same consequences as missing an international flight by an hour.

Forgetting to take care of a baby or a pet

Babies in a dream are symbolic of new possibilities, Lennox said. If you dream about neglecting a baby, you might really be worried about that blog post you’ve been meaning to write or that hobby you’ve been hoping to start. Essentially, you’re neglecting something in your life that needs your attention.

Pets, on the other hand, reflect joy and love. Lennox said someone who dreams about abandoning a pet might be “too stressed to do fun and lovely things for themselves” and might be feeling like “I’m missing out on cultivating and nurturing something that life has to offer.”

Driving

Bulkeley said cars and driving in dreams can have many meanings, but they often reflect our connections to other people.

If you’re dreaming of speeding, for example, you might feel out of control in a personal relationship. On the other hand, if you’re dreaming of being stuck in traffic, you might be feeling “adrift” in relationships, or life in general.

This article originally appeared on BusinessInsider.com