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????標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾（Standard & Poor's）上周五猛烈抨擊了美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治體系，有史以來(lái)首次降低了美國(guó)的AAA評(píng)級(jí)。標(biāo)普的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手穆迪（Moody’s）對(duì)此持有異議，它仍堅(jiān)持美國(guó)的Aaa評(píng)級(jí)，不過(guò)同時(shí)也把美國(guó)的信用展望下調(diào)至“負(fù)面”。

????兩大評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)在美債評(píng)級(jí)上產(chǎn)生分歧后，一些分析師迅速跳出來(lái)大做文章，許多人更試圖否定標(biāo)普的結(jié)論。但《財(cái)富》雜志（Fortune）經(jīng)回顧發(fā)現(xiàn)，標(biāo)普和穆迪其實(shí)經(jīng)常在主權(quán)信用評(píng)級(jí)上產(chǎn)生分歧。

????在對(duì)全球GDP最高的15個(gè)國(guó)家的評(píng)級(jí)上，標(biāo)普和穆迪只對(duì)10個(gè)國(guó)家的評(píng)級(jí)保持一致，而在其余五國(guó)的評(píng)級(jí)上存在分歧（包括美國(guó)）。

????其中，他們對(duì)日本、巴西和墨西哥三國(guó)的評(píng)級(jí)只是稍有分歧。例如標(biāo)普對(duì)日本的評(píng)級(jí)是AA-，而穆迪的評(píng)級(jí)則是Aa2。正常來(lái)說(shuō)，按照兩家評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)各自的評(píng)級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如果他們的評(píng)級(jí)一致，結(jié)果應(yīng)該顯示為AA-對(duì)Aa3，或是AA對(duì)Aa2.

????除了美國(guó)之外，意大利是另一個(gè)讓標(biāo)普和穆迪產(chǎn)生重大分歧的國(guó)家，兩機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)該國(guó)的評(píng)級(jí)整整差了一級(jí)。標(biāo)普將意大利評(píng)為A+，而穆迪將其評(píng)為Aa2。穆迪現(xiàn)在正在對(duì)日本和意大利進(jìn)行審查，有可能對(duì)他們進(jìn)行信用降級(jí)。

????譯者：樸成奎

????Standard & Poor's on Friday night slammed the U.S. economy and its political system, lowering the nation's AAA credit rating for the first time in history. Rival credit rating agency Moody's dissented, reaffirming its Aaa rating while placing the country on negative credit watch.

????Some analysts have been making hay of the discrepancy, particularly as a way to delegitimize S&P's decision. But a review by Fortune shows that the two agencies regularly disagree over sovereign credit ratings.

????When it comes to rating the 15 nations with the highest GDP, S&P and Moody's only sync up 66% of the time. For five countries, including the U.S., they do not.

????Three of the disputed sovereigns -- Japan, Brasil and Mexico -- differ only slightly. Japan, for example, is rated AA- by S&P and Aa2 by Moody's. A perfect match would be AA- and Aa3, or AA and Aa2.

????Italy is the only country other than the U.S. to have an entire category differential, with S&P rating it A+ and Moody's rating it Aa2. Both Japan and Italy currently are under review by Moody's for possible credit rating downgrades.