????如果說(shuō)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有一個(gè)永恒的主題的話，那就是總有某些人在某處被黑客以某種方式攻擊了。上個(gè)月，針對(duì)銀行發(fā)起的網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊再次成為頭條新聞，受害者包括BB&T公司、花旗集團(tuán)（Citigroup）和太陽(yáng)信托銀行（SunTrust）。不過(guò)最近由波尼蒙研究所（Ponemon Institute）所做的一項(xiàng)調(diào)研顯示，各公司每周平均受到兩次攻擊，每年由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪損失的金額高達(dá)890萬(wàn)美元。安全分析師稱(chēng)，企業(yè)首先要了解藏在暗處的到底是何種威脅。盡管許多黑客用的只是相對(duì)基礎(chǔ)的工具，比如網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚(yú)或惡意軟件，但他們運(yùn)用這些工具的目的各有不同。下面我們?yōu)榇蠹冶P(pán)點(diǎn)了六類(lèi)最有攻擊力的黑客。

????If the Internet has one enduring constant, it's that somewhere, somehow, somebody is being hacked. Last month cyberassaults on banks, including BB&T (BBT, Fortune 500), Citigroup(C, Fortune 500), and SunTrust (STI, Fortune 500), made headlines. But a recent Ponemon Institute survey reported that the average company is attacked twice a week and loses $8.9 million a year to cybercrime. Security analysts say the first thing businesses must know is just what types of threats are lurking in the shadows. While many hackers use relatively basic tools, such as phishing or malware, they often wield them with different motives. Here are six of the most effective actors.

????政府撐腰的黑客

????身份：伊朗，以色列，俄羅斯，美國(guó)

????目的：情報(bào)，國(guó)家機(jī)密，破壞活動(dòng)

????目標(biāo)：外國(guó)政府，恐怖分子，各種產(chǎn)業(yè)

????特征：精心組織的破壞計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的多層次攻擊

????經(jīng)典案例：受到震網(wǎng)病毒攻擊后，伊朗核工廠五分之一的離心機(jī)崩潰了。它是一種蠕蟲(chóng)病毒，據(jù)稱(chēng)由美國(guó)和以色列情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)發(fā)，能侵入控制伊朗濃縮裝置的電腦。而伊朗隨后就發(fā)起了反擊，使用戶(hù)無(wú)法訪問(wèn)摩根大通銀行（J.P.Morgan）、PNC銀行，富國(guó)銀行（Wells Fargo）及其他金融機(jī)構(gòu)的網(wǎng)站。

????1. State sponsored

????Who: Iran, Israel, Russia, U.S.

????Objectives: Intelligence, state secrets, sabotage

????Targets: Foreign governments, terrorists, industry

????Signature: Multi-tiered, precisely orchestrated attacks that breach computer systems

????Classic Case: One-fifth of Iran's nuclear centrifuges crashed after Stuxnet, a worm reportedly developed by U.S. and Israeli intelligence, penetrated computers at an Iranian enrichment facility. Iran allegedly retaliated by disrupting access to the websites of J.P.Morgan (JPM, Fortune 500), PNC (PNC, Fortune 500), Wells Fargo (WFC, Fortune 500), and others.