????實(shí)際上，這項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，公眾對(duì)于富人的態(tài)度基本保持不變——認(rèn)為富人的金錢源自家庭出身或各種關(guān)系的民眾人數(shù)與認(rèn)為富人富裕的“主因是其自身努力、雄心壯志和所受教育”的民眾人數(shù)基本持平。美國(guó)民眾對(duì)于富人的不滿情緒并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)抬頭的跡象；相反，認(rèn)為美國(guó)存在非常嚴(yán)重或嚴(yán)重的貧富沖突的民眾人數(shù)增加了19個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。鑒于媒體對(duì)占領(lǐng)華爾街運(yùn)動(dòng)連篇累牘的報(bào)道，出現(xiàn)這樣的結(jié)果并不意外。

????實(shí)際上，皮尤研究中心為這項(xiàng)研究起的標(biāo)題是：“公眾關(guān)心的并不是階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)，而是階級(jí)公平?！蹦敲矗び冉o出了什么樣的結(jié)論？雖然美國(guó)人聽(tīng)到的涉及階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)的信息增加了，但“美國(guó)人并沒(méi)有感到這個(gè)國(guó)家正處于階級(jí)抗?fàn)幍倪吘?；他們只是希望獲得更好的機(jī)會(huì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)自身的成功。”

????眼下，媒體和政客在這個(gè)大選之年竭力鼓吹收入規(guī)模分化。在這個(gè)時(shí)候，這是一個(gè)值得銘記的結(jié)論。十九世紀(jì)，美國(guó)人致力于平等的決心給法國(guó)政治思想家托克維爾留下了非常深刻的印象。但他也非常震驚于美國(guó)人的另一個(gè)性格特征：“對(duì)財(cái)富的熱愛(ài)是所有美國(guó)人奮斗的起點(diǎn)?！本瓦@一點(diǎn)而言，時(shí)代的變遷并沒(méi)有那么明顯。

????譯者：任文科

????In fact, the poll showed that public attitudes toward the wealthy remain largely unchanged -- with a near-even split between those who think the rich were born into money or connections and those who think people are rich "mainly because of their own hard work, ambition, or education." There hasn't been an increase in people's own grievances against the rich; rather, there was a 19-point increase in people saying they believe there are very strong or strong conflicts between rich and poor -- not a surprise given all the media attention to the OWS protests.

????Indeed, the headline Pew produced for its research reads "For the Public, It's Not About Class Warfare, but Fairness." Pew's conclusion? While Americans are hearing more about class conflict, "there is no sense that the American people are on the verge of class conflict; they just want a better chance of achieving success themselves."

????That's worth remembering as the media and politicians fuel divisions along the income scale this election year. In the 1800s, French political thinker Alexis de Tocqueville was famously impressed by Americans' dedication to the idea of equality. But he was also struck by another character trait: "The love of wealth ... is at the bottom of all Americans do." On that score, times haven't changed all that much.